The Quality and Outcomes of Care Provided to Patients with Cirrhosis by Advanced Practice Providers

Elliot B. Tapper, Shengchen Hao, Menghan Lin, John N. Mafi, Heather McCurdy, Neehar D. Parikh, Anna S. Lok – 7 May 2019 – Cirrhosis is morbid and increasingly prevalent, yet the U.S. health care system lacks enough physicians and specialists to adequately manage patients with cirrhosis. Although advanced practice providers (APPs) can expand access to cirrhosis‐related care, their impact on the quality of care remains unknown.

Long Noncoding RNA H19 Contributes to Cholangiocyte Proliferation and Cholestatic Liver Fibrosis in Biliary Atresia

Yongtao Xiao, Runping Liu, Xiaojiaoyang Li, Emily C. Gurley, Phillip B. Hylemon, Ying Lu, Huiping Zhou, Wei Cai – 7 May 2019 – Biliary atresia (BA) is a neonatal liver disease featuring cholestasis and severe liver fibrosis (LF). Despite advances in the development of surgical treatment, lacking an early diagnostic marker and intervention of LF invariably leads to death from end‐stage liver disease in the early years of life.

Technical Considerations in Liver Transplantation for Biliary Atresia With Situs Inversus

Masahiro Takeda, Seisuke Sakamoto, Hajime Uchida, Shohei Yoshimura, Seiichi Shimizu, Yoshihiro Hirata, Akinari Fukuda, Andrea Schlegel, Mureo Kasahara – 7 May 2019 – In liver transplantation (LT) for biliary atresia (BA) with situs inversus (SI), the surgical procedure is technically challenging due to multiple anatomical variations. We evaluated the surgical procedures and the outcomes in our patients and in the previously reported patients undergoing LT for BA with SI. Between November 2005 and October 2018, 235 children underwent LT with an overall 10‐year graft survival of 94.7%.

The mTORC2‐Akt1 Cascade Is Crucial for c‐Myc to Promote Hepatocarcinogenesis in Mice and Humans

Zhong Xu, Meng Xu, Pin Liu, Shu Zhang, Runze Shang, Yu Qiao, Li Che, Silvia Ribback, Antonio Cigliano, Katja Evert, Rosa M. Pascale, Frank Dombrowski, Matthias Evert, Xi Chen, Diego F. Calvisi, Xin Chen – 7 May 2019 – Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a deadly form of liver cancer with limited treatment options. The c‐Myc transcription factor is a pivotal player in hepatocarcinogenesis, but the mechanisms underlying c‐Myc oncogenic activity in the liver remain poorly delineated.

Pharmacologic Inhibition of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Suppresses Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in a Murine Fast‐Food Diet Model

Bharat Bhushan, Swati Banerjee, Shirish Paranjpe, Kelly Koral, Wendy M. Mars, John W. Stoops, Anne Orr, William C. Bowen, Joseph Locker, George K. Michalopoulos – 7 May 2019 – Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a critical regulator of hepatocyte proliferation and liver regeneration. Our recent work indicated that EGFR can also regulate lipid metabolism during liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. Based on these findings, we investigated the role of EGFR in a mouse model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) using a pharmacological inhibition strategy.

Superior Wait‐List Outcomes in Patients with Alcohol‐Associated Liver Disease Compared With Other Indications for Liver Transplantation

Jeanne‐Marie Giard, Jennifer L. Dodge, Norah A. Terrault – 7 May 2019 – Alcohol‐associated liver disease (ALD) is the most common indication for liver transplantation (LT) in the United States and Europe. A 6‐month alcohol abstinence period has been required by many transplant programs prior to listing, which may influence wait‐list (WL) outcomes. Therefore, we examined WL events in patients with ALD versus non‐ALD with a special interest in whether these outcomes differed by sex.

Intraoperative Versus Extended Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Liver Transplant Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial

Puja S. Berry, Laura H. Rosenberger, Christopher A. Guidry, Avinash Agarwal, Shawn Pelletier, Robert G. Sawyer – 7 May 2019 – The appropriate duration of surgical antibiotic prophylaxis in orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in the presence of significant iatrogenic immunosuppression is unclear. We hypothesized that 72 hours of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis would decrease rates of surgical site infection (SSI) in OLT patients when compared with intraoperative antibiotic prophylaxis alone.

Hepatocellular Carcinoma Xenografts Established From Needle Biopsies Preserve the Characteristics of the Originating Tumors

Tanja Blumer, Isabel Fofana, Matthias S. Matter, Xueya Wang, Hesam Montazeri, Diego Calabrese, Mairene Coto‐Llerena, Tujana Boldanova, Sandro Nuciforo, Venkatesh Kancherla, Luigi Tornillo, Salvatore Piscuoglio, Stefan Wieland, Luigi M. Terracciano, Charlotte K.Y. Ng, Markus H. Heim – 6 May 2019 – Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second leading cause of cancer‐related deaths worldwide. Treatment options for patients with advanced‐stage disease are limited. A major obstacle in drug development is the lack of an in vivo model that accurately reflects the broad spectrum of human HCC.

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