The Nonsteroidal Farnesoid X Receptor Agonist Cilofexor (GS‐9674) Improves Markers of Cholestasis and Liver Injury in Patients With Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

Michael Trauner, Aliya Gulamhusein, Bilal Hameed, Stephen Caldwell, Mitchell L. Shiffman, Charles Landis, Bertus Eksteen, Kosh Agarwal, Andrew Muir, Simon Rushbrook, Xiaomin Lu, Jun Xu, Jen‐Chieh Chuang, Andrew N. Billin, Georgia Li, Chuhan Chung, G. Mani Subramanian, Robert P. Myers, Christopher L. Bowlus, Kris V. Kowdley – 19 January 2019 – Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) represents a major unmet medical need.

Hepatology Highlights

Nicholas Russo, Arun Jesudian, Nicole T. Shen, Robert S. Brown, Akiko Sugiyama, Hayley T. Nicholls, Joseph F. Pisa, Tibor I. Krisko, Russell Rosenblatt, Zaid H. Tafesh, Brett E. Fortune, Omar Mousa, Harmeet Malhi, Robert E. Schwartz, Vikas Gupta, Tasha B. Kulai, Harmeet Malhi – 18 January 2019

Deficiency of Mitochondrial Glycerol 3‐Phosphate Dehydrogenase Contributes to Hepatic Steatosis

Yi Zheng, Hua Qu, Xin Xiong, Yuren Wang, Xiufei Liu, Linlin Zhang, Xiaoyu Liao, Qian Liao, Zheng Sun, Qin Ouyang, Gangyi Yang, Zhiming Zhu, Jing Xu, Hongting Zheng – 17 January 2019 – Mitochondrial glycerol 3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (mGPDH) is an integral component of the respiratory chain, and recent studies have suggested that it plays an important role in hepatic glucose homeostasis. However, its function in hepatic lipid metabolism is unclear. Here, we identified a role for mGPDH in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

IL‐22 and IL‐22‐Binding Protein Are Associated With Development of and Mortality From Acute‐on‐Chronic Liver Failure

Katharina Schwarzkopf, Sabrina Rüschenbaum, Samarpita Barat, Chengcong Cai, Marcus M. Mücke, Daniel Fitting, Andreas Weigert, Bernhard Brüne, Stefan Zeuzem, Christoph Welsch, Christian M. Lange – 17 January 2019 – Interleukin‐22 (IL‐22) has context‐dependent hepatoprotective or adverse properties in vitro and in animal models. IL‐22 binding protein (IL‐22BP) is a soluble inhibitor of IL‐22 signaling. The role of IL‐22 and IL‐22BP in patients with acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) is unclear.

The Role of Complement in Liver Injury, Regeneration, and Transplantation

Ebbe Billmann Thorgersen, Andreas Barratt‐Due, Håkon Haugaa, Morten Harboe, Søren Erik Pischke, Per H. Nilsson, Tom Eirik Mollnes – 17 January 2019 – The liver is both an immunologically complex and a privileged organ. The innate immune system is a central player, in which the complement system emerges as a pivotal part of liver homeostasis, immune responses, and crosstalk with other effector systems in both innate and adaptive immunity. The liver produces the majority of the complement proteins and is the home of important immune cells such as Kupffer cells.

The Role of Innate Immune Cells in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis

Jingjing Cai, Xiao‐Jing Zhang, Hongliang Li – 17 January 2019 – Inflammation and metabolic dysfunction are hallmarks of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is one of the fastest‐growing liver diseases worldwide. Emerging evidence indicates that innate immune mechanisms are pivotal drivers of inflammation and other pathological manifestations observed in NASH, such as hepatosteatosis, insulin resistance (IR), and fibrosis.

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