Disrupted ER‐to‐Golgi trafficking underlies anti‐HIV drugs and alcohol‐induced cellular stress and hepatic injury

Hui Han, Yuxin He, Jay Hu, Rhema Lau, Harrison Lee, Cheng Ji – 27 March 2017 – Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and unfolded protein response (UPR) are involved in anti‐human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) drugs and alcohol‐induced liver disease in a significant number of patients infected with HIV. However, the precise mechanism by which the drugs and alcohol cause ER stress remains elusive.

Identification of a novel alpha‐fetoprotein‐expressing cell population induced by the Jagged1/Notch2 signal in murine fibrotic liver

Yasuhiro Nakano, Sachie Nakao, Hideaki Sumiyoshi, Kenichiro Mikami, Yuri Tanno, Minako Sueoka, Daigo Kasahara, Hiroshi Kimura, Tadashi Moro, Akihide Kamiya, Katsuto Hozumi, Yutaka Inagaki – 27 March 2017 – The liver is well known to possess high regenerative capacity in response to partial resection or tissue injury. However, liver regeneration is often impaired in the case of advanced liver fibrosis/cirrhosis when mature hepatocytes can hardly self‐proliferate. Hepatic progenitor cells have been implicated as a source of hepatocytes in regeneration of the fibrotic liver.

Liver transplantation recipients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis have lower risk hepatocellular carcinoma

Sara M. Lewin, Neil Mehta, R. Kate Kelley, John P. Roberts, Francis Y. Yao, Danielle Brandman – 24 March 2017 – Liver transplantation (LT) is a well‐established treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in carefully selected patients. Risk factors for tumors with poor prognostic features on explant have not been well described in a national cohort. We performed a retrospective cohort study of adult LT recipients with HCC transplanted from April 8, 2012 (when explant pathology in United Network for Organ Sharing [UNOS] became available) until September 30, 2014.

Portal fibroblasts marked by the surface antigen Thy1 contribute to fibrosis in mouse models of cholestatic liver injury

Len William Katsumata, Atsushi Miyajima, Tohru Itoh – 22 March 2017 – Liver fibrosis, a condition that is characterized by excessive production and accumulation of extracellular matrix, including collagen, is the most common outcome of chronic liver injuries of different etiologies. Vitamin A‐storing hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are considered to be the main source of this collagen production, with activation in response to liver injury.

Ginsenoside Rg3 restores hepatitis C virus–induced aberrant mitochondrial dynamics and inhibits virus propagation

Seong‐Jun Kim, Jae Young Jang, Eun‐Jung Kim, Eun Kyung Cho, Dae‐Gyun Ahn, Chonsaeng Kim, Han Seul Park, Soung Won Jeong, Sae Hwan Lee, Sang Gyune Kim, Young Seok Kim, Hong Soo Kim, Boo Sung Kim, Jihyung Lee, Aleem Siddiqui – 22 March 2017 – Hepatitis C virus (HCV) alters mitochondrial dynamics associated with persistent viral infection and suppression of innate immunity. Mitochondrial dysfunction is also a pathologic feature of direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) treatment.

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