Long‐term outcomes of entecavir monotherapy for chronic hepatitis B after liver transplantation: Results up to 8 years

James Fung, Tiffany Wong, Kenneth Chok, Albert Chan, Tan‐To Cheung, Jeff Wing‐Chiu Dai, Sui‐ling Sin, Ka‐Wing Ma, Kelvin Ng, Kevin Tak‐Pan Ng, Wai‐Kay Seto, Ching‐Lung Lai, Man‐Fung Yuen, Chung‐Mau Lo – 31 March 2017 – Long‐term antiviral prophylaxis is required to prevent hepatitis B recurrence for patients with chronic hepatitis B after liver transplantation. We determined the long‐term outcome of 265 consecutive chronic hepatitis B liver transplant recipients treated with entecavir monotherapy without hepatitis B immune globulin.

Hypoxia mediates mitochondrial biogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma to promote tumor growth through HMGB1 and TLR9 interaction

Samer Tohme, Hamza O. Yazdani, Yao Liu, Patricia Loughran, Dirk J. van der Windt, Hai Huang, Richard L. Simmons, Sruti Shiva, Sheng Tai, Allan Tsung – 30 March 2017 – The ability of cancer cells to survive and grow under hypoxic conditions has been known for decades, but the mechanisms remain poorly understood. Under certain conditions, cancer cells undergo changes in their bioenergetic profile to favor mitochondrial respiration by activating the peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC‐1α) and up‐regulating mitochondrial biogenesis.

Polyphenic trait promotes liver cancer in a model of epigenetic instability in mice

Marco Cassano, Sandra Offner, Evarist Planet, Alessandra Piersigilli, Suk Min Jang, Hugues Henry, Markus B. Geuking, Catherine Mooser, Kathy D. McCoy, Andrew J. Macpherson, Didier Trono – 30 March 2017 – Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents the fifth‐most common form of cancer worldwide and carries a high mortality rate attributed to lack of effective treatment. Males are 8 times more likely to develop HCC than females, an effect largely driven by sex hormones, albeit through still poorly understood mechanisms.

Monotherapy with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for multiple drug‐resistant chronic hepatitis B: 3‐year trial

Young‐Suk Lim, Yung Sang Lee, Geum‐Youn Gwak, Kwan Soo Byun, Yoon Jun Kim, Jonggi Choi, Jihyun An, Han Chu Lee, Byung Chul Yoo, So Young Kwon – 30 March 2017 – Combination therapy has been recommended for the treatment of patients harboring multiple drug‐resistant hepatitis B virus (HBV). However, we recently demonstrated that monotherapy with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) for 48 weeks displayed noninferior efficacy to TDF plus entecavir (ETV) combination therapy in patients with HBV resistant to multiple drugs, including ETV and adefovir.

A functional mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 signaling is indispensable for c‐Myc‐driven hepatocarcinogenesis

Pin Liu, Mengmeng Ge, Junjie Hu, Xiaolei Li, Li Che, Kun Sun, Lili Cheng, Yuedong Huang, Maria G. Pilo, Antonio Cigliano, Giovanni M. Pes, Rosa M. Pascale, Stefania Brozzetti, Gianpaolo Vidili, Alberto Porcu, Antonio Cossu, Giuseppe Palmieri, Maria C. Sini, Silvia Ribback, Frank Dombrowski, Junyan Tao, Diego F. Calvisi, Ligong Chen, Xin Chen – 30 March 2017 – Amplification and/or activation of the c‐Myc proto‐oncogene is one of the leading genetic events along hepatocarcinogenesis.

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