Interferon‐alpha‐induced hepatitis C virus clearance restores p53 tumor suppressor more than direct‐acting antivirals

Yucel Aydin, Animesh Chatterjee, Partha K Chandra, Srinivas Chava, Weina Chen, Anamika Tandon, Asha Dash, Milad Chedid, Martin W Moehlen, Frederic Regenstein, Luis A Balart, Ari Cohen, Hua Lu, Tong Wu, Srikanta Dash – 28 March 2017 – The mechanism why hepatitis C virus (HCV) clearance by direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) does not eliminate the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among patients with advanced cirrhosis is unclear. Many viral and bacterial infections degrade p53 in favor of cell survival to adapt an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)‐stress response.

Disrupted ER‐to‐Golgi trafficking underlies anti‐HIV drugs and alcohol‐induced cellular stress and hepatic injury

Hui Han, Yuxin He, Jay Hu, Rhema Lau, Harrison Lee, Cheng Ji – 27 March 2017 – Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and unfolded protein response (UPR) are involved in anti‐human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) drugs and alcohol‐induced liver disease in a significant number of patients infected with HIV. However, the precise mechanism by which the drugs and alcohol cause ER stress remains elusive.

Identification of a novel alpha‐fetoprotein‐expressing cell population induced by the Jagged1/Notch2 signal in murine fibrotic liver

Yasuhiro Nakano, Sachie Nakao, Hideaki Sumiyoshi, Kenichiro Mikami, Yuri Tanno, Minako Sueoka, Daigo Kasahara, Hiroshi Kimura, Tadashi Moro, Akihide Kamiya, Katsuto Hozumi, Yutaka Inagaki – 27 March 2017 – The liver is well known to possess high regenerative capacity in response to partial resection or tissue injury. However, liver regeneration is often impaired in the case of advanced liver fibrosis/cirrhosis when mature hepatocytes can hardly self‐proliferate. Hepatic progenitor cells have been implicated as a source of hepatocytes in regeneration of the fibrotic liver.

Liver transplantation recipients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis have lower risk hepatocellular carcinoma

Sara M. Lewin, Neil Mehta, R. Kate Kelley, John P. Roberts, Francis Y. Yao, Danielle Brandman – 24 March 2017 – Liver transplantation (LT) is a well‐established treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in carefully selected patients. Risk factors for tumors with poor prognostic features on explant have not been well described in a national cohort. We performed a retrospective cohort study of adult LT recipients with HCC transplanted from April 8, 2012 (when explant pathology in United Network for Organ Sharing [UNOS] became available) until September 30, 2014.

Portal fibroblasts marked by the surface antigen Thy1 contribute to fibrosis in mouse models of cholestatic liver injury

Len William Katsumata, Atsushi Miyajima, Tohru Itoh – 22 March 2017 – Liver fibrosis, a condition that is characterized by excessive production and accumulation of extracellular matrix, including collagen, is the most common outcome of chronic liver injuries of different etiologies. Vitamin A‐storing hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are considered to be the main source of this collagen production, with activation in response to liver injury.

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