MicroRNA‐191 acts as a tumor promoter by modulating the TET1–p53 pathway in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

Hao Li, Zun‐Qiang Zhou, Zhang‐Ru Yang, Da‐Nian Tong, Jiao Guan, Bao‐Jie Shi, Jia Nie, Xian‐Ting Ding, Bin Li, Guang‐Wen Zhou, Zheng‐Yun Zhang – 14 February 2017 – Current treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) remains ineffective because knowledge of ICC carcinogenesis is unclear. Increasing evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs), including miR‐191, play an important role in tumorigenesis; but expression and biological functions of miR‐191 in ICC remain to be established. This study investigated the functions and underlying mechanisms of miR‐191 in ICC.

RIG‐I is a key antiviral interferon‐stimulated gene against hepatitis E virus regardless of interferon production

Lei Xu, Wenshi Wang, Yunlong Li, Xinying Zhou, Yuebang Yin, Yijin Wang, Robert A. de Man, Luc J.W. van der Laan, Fen Huang, Nassim Kamar, Maikel P. Peppelenbosch, Qiuwei Pan – 13 February 2017 – Interferons (IFNs) are broad antiviral cytokines that exert their function by inducing the transcription of hundreds of IFN‐stimulated genes (ISGs). However, little is known about the antiviral potential of these cellular effectors on hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection, the leading cause of acute hepatitis globally.

Liver fibrosis scores predict liver disease mortality in the United States population

Aynur Unalp‐Arida, Constance E. Ruhl – 13 February 2017 – Fatty liver disease is common in the United States and worldwide due to changing lifestyles and can progress to fibrosis and cirrhosis contributing to premature death. We examined whether liver fibrosis scores were associated with increased overall and disease‐specific mortality in a United States population–based prospective survey with up to 23 years of linked‐mortality data. Data were analyzed from 14,841 viral hepatitis–negative adult participants in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988‐1994.

Galectin‐9: Diverse roles in hepatic immune homeostasis and inflammation

Lucy Golden‐Mason, Hugo R. Rosen – 13 February 2017 – Glycan‐binding proteins, which include galectins, are involved at all stages of immunity and inflammation, from initiation through resolution. Galectin‐9 (Gal‐9) is highly expressed in the liver and has a wide variety of biological functions in innate and adaptive immunity that are instrumental in the maintenance of hepatic homeostasis. In the setting of viral hepatitis, increased expression of Gal‐9 drives the expansion of regulatory T cells and contraction of effector T cells, thereby favoring viral persistence.

Characterization of ferroptosis in murine models of hemochromatosis

Hao Wang, Peng An, Enjun Xie, Qian Wu, Xuexian Fang, Hong Gao, Zhuzhen Zhang, Yuzhu Li, Xudong Wang, Jiaying Zhang, Guoli Li, Lei Yang, Wei Liu, Junxia Min, Fudi Wang – 13 February 2017 – Ferroptosis is a recently identified iron‐dependent form of nonapoptotic cell death implicated in brain, kidney, and heart pathology. However, the biological roles of iron and iron metabolism in ferroptosis remain poorly understood. Here, we studied the functional role of iron and iron metabolism in the pathogenesis of ferroptosis.

Risk of end‐stage liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver‐related death by fibrosis stage in the hepatitis C Alaska Cohort

Dana J.T. Bruden, Brian J. McMahon, Lisa Townshend‐Bulson, Prabhu Gounder, Jim Gove, Julia Plotnik, Chriss Homan, Annette Hewitt, Youssef Barbour, Philip R. Spradling, Brenna C. Simons, Susan McArdle, Michael Bruce – 13 February 2017 – Long‐term prospective studies of the outcomes associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are rare and critical for assessing the potential impact of HCV treatment.

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