Sorafenib enriches epithelial cell adhesion molecule–positive tumor initiating cells and exacerbates a subtype of hepatocellular carcinoma through TSC2‐AKT cascade

Dong‐Xian Guan, Jie Shi, Yang Zhang, Jiang‐Sha Zhao, Ling‐Yun Long, Tian‐Wei Chen, Er‐Bin Zhang, Yuan‐Yuan Feng, Wen‐Dai Bao, Yue‐Zhen Deng, Lin Qiu, Xue‐Li Zhang, H. Phillip Koeffler, Shu‐qun Cheng, Jing‐Jing Li, Dong Xie – 7 August 2015 – Sorafenib is a specific adenosine triphosphate–competitive RAF inhibitor used as a first‐line treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the responses are variable, reflecting heterogeneity of the disease, while the resistance mechanism remains poorly understood.

High‐throughput T‐cell receptor sequencing across chronic liver diseases reveals distinct disease‐associated repertoires

Evaggelia Liaskou, Eva Kristine Klemsdal Henriksen, Kristian Holm, Fatemeh Kaveh, David Hamm, Janine Fear, Marte K. Viken, Johannes Roksund Hov, Espen Melum, Harlan Robins, Johanna Olweus, Tom H. Karlsen, Gideon M. Hirschfield – 7 August 2015 – Hepatic T‐cell infiltrates and a strong genetic human leukocyte antigen association represent characteristic features of various immune‐mediated liver diseases. Conceptually the presence of disease‐associated antigens is predicted to be reflected in T‐cell receptor (TCR) repertoires.

Hepatic stellate cells relay inflammation signaling from sinusoids to parenchyma in mouse models of immune‐mediated hepatitis

Tomoko Fujita, Kitipong Soontrapa, Yoshiya Ito, Keiko Iwaisako, Catharina Sagita Moniaga, Masataka Asagiri, Masataka Majima, Shuh Narumiya – 6 August 2015 – Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) constitute the liver sinusoid with Kupffer cells and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells. While the sinusoid functions as the gateway to liver inflammation, whether HSCs contribute to liver inflammation and, if so, how they exert such functions remain elusive. Here, we found that mouse as well as human HSCs expressed DP1 receptor for prostaglandin D2 selectively in the liver.

High priority for hepatitis C screening in safety net hospitals: Results from a prospective cohort of 4582 hospitalized baby boomers

Barbara J. Turner, Barbara S. Taylor, Joshua Hanson, Yuanyuan Liang, Poornachand Veerapaneni, Roberto Villarreal, Mary Perez, Ludivina Hernandez, Jasdeep Sandhu, Kristin Fiebelkorn – 6 August 2015 – Low‐income populations are disproportionately affected by hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Thus, implementing baby boomer screening (born 1945‐1965) for HCV may be a high priority for safety net hospitals.

Prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in U.S. households: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 1988‐2012

Henry Roberts, Deanna Kruszon‐Moran, Kathleen N. Ly, Elizabeth Hughes, Kashif Iqbal, Ruth B. Jiles, Scott D. Holmberg – 6 August 2015 – The number of persons with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in the United States is affected by diminishing numbers of young persons who are susceptible because of universal infant vaccination since 1991, offset by numbers of HBV‐infected persons migrating to the United States from endemic countries.

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