Intrahepatic bile ducts are developed through formation of homogeneous continuous luminal network and its dynamic rearrangement in mice

Naoki Tanimizu, Kota Kaneko, Tohru Itoh, Norihisa Ichinohe, Masayuki Ishii, Toru Mizuguchi, Koichi Hirata, Atsushi Miyajima, Toshihiro Mitaka – 29 February 2016 – The intrahepatic bile duct (IHBD) is a highly organized tubular structure consisting of cholangiocytes, biliary epithelial cells, which drains bile produced by hepatocytes into the duodenum. Although several models have been proposed, it remains unclear how the three‐dimensional (3D) IHBD network develops during liver organogenesis.

Human intrahepatic regulatory T cells are functional, require IL‐2 from effector cells for survival, and are susceptible to Fas ligand‐mediated apoptosis

Yung‐Yi Chen, Hannah C. Jeffery, Stuart Hunter, Ricky Bhogal, Jane Birtwistle, Manjit Kaur Braitch, Sheree Roberts, Mikaela Ming, Jack Hannah, Clare Thomas, Gupse Adali, Stefan G. Hübscher, Wing‐Kin Syn, Simon Afford, Patricia F. Lalor, David H. Adams, Ye H. Oo – 29 February 2016 – Regulatory T cells (Treg) suppress T effector cell proliferation and maintain immune homeostasis. Autoimmune liver diseases persist despite high frequencies of Treg in the liver, suggesting that the local hepatic microenvironment might affect Treg stability, survival, and function.

Hyperhomocysteinemia activates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor/CD36 pathway to promote hepatic steatosis in mice

Liu Yao, Chunjiong Wang, Xu Zhang, Liyuan Peng, Wenli Liu, Xuejiao Zhang, Yajin Liu, Jinlong He, Changtao Jiang, Ding Ai, Yi Zhu – 29 February 2016 – Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is associated with liver diseases such as fatty liver and hepatic fibrosis; however, the underlying mechanism is still largely unknown. The current study aimed to explore the signaling pathway involved in HHcy‐induced hepatic steatosis (HS). C57BL/6 mice were fed a high‐methionine diet (HMD) for 4 and 8 weeks to establish the HHcy mouse model.

A longer duration of estrogen deficiency increases fibrosis risk among postmenopausal women with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Jagpal Singh Klair, Ju Dong Yang, Manal F. Abdelmalek, Cynthia D. Guy, Ryan M. Gill, Katherine Yates, Aynur Unalp‐Arida, Joel E. Lavine, Jeanne M. Clark, Anna Mae Diehl, Ayako Suzuki, for the Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Clinical Research Network – 26 February 2016 – Postmenopausal women with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis are at an increased risk of hepatic fibrosis compared with premenopausal women. Whether duration of estrogen deficiency in postmenopausal state dictates an individual's fibrosis risk remains uninvestigated.

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