De novo hepatitis b prophylaxis with hepatitis B virus vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin in pediatric recipients of core antibody–positive livers

Sanghoon Lee, Jong Man Kim, Gyu Seong Choi, Jae Berm Park, Choon Hyuck David Kwon, Yon‐Ho Choe, Jae‐Won Joh, Suk‐Koo Lee – 24 November 2015 – The use of hepatitis B core antibody–positive (HBcAb+) grafts for liver transplantation (LT) has the potential to safely expand the donor pool, as long as proper prophylaxis against de novo hepatitis B (DNHB) is employed. The aim of this study was to characterize the longterm outcome of pediatric LT recipients of HBcAb+ liver grafts under a prophylaxis regimen against DNHB using hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG).

Esophageal balloon tamponade versus esophageal stent in controlling acute refractory variceal bleeding: A multicenter randomized, controlled trial

Àngels Escorsell, Oana Pavel, Andrés Cárdenas, Rosa Morillas, Elba Llop, Càndid Villanueva, Juan C. Garcia‐Pagán, Jaime Bosch, Variceal Bleeding Study Group – 24 November 2015 – Balloon tamponade is recommended only as a “bridge” to definitive therapy in patients with cirrhosis and massive or refractory esophageal variceal bleeding (EVB), but is frequently associated with rebleeding and severe complications.

Differentiation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: Multifaceted effects of miR‐148a on tumor growth and phenotype and liver fibrosis

Kwang Hwa Jung, Jing Zhang, Chong Zhou, Hong Shen, Mihai Gagea, Cristian Rodriguez‐Aguayo, Gabriel Lopez‐Berestein, Anil K. Sood, Laura Beretta – 24 November 2015 – The death rate from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasing, and liver cancer is the second leading cause of cancer‐related mortality worldwide. Most patients with HCC have underlying liver cirrhosis and compromised liver function, limiting treatment options. Cirrhosis is associated with cell dedifferentiation and expansion of hepatocholangiolar progenitor cells.

The severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with gut dysbiosis and shift in the metabolic function of the gut microbiota

Jérôme Boursier, Olaf Mueller, Matthieu Barret, Mariana Machado, Lionel Fizanne, Felix Araujo‐Perez, Cynthia D. Guy, Patrick C. Seed, John F. Rawls, Lawrence A. David, Gilles Hunault, Frédéric Oberti, Paul Calès, Anna Mae Diehl – 24 November 2015 – Several animal studies have emphasized the role of gut microbiota in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, data about gut dysbiosis in human NAFLD remain scarce in the literature, especially studies including the whole spectrum of NAFLD lesions.

Clinical patterns of hepatocellular carcinoma in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A multicenter prospective study

Fabio Piscaglia, Gianluca Svegliati‐Baroni, Andrea Barchetti, Anna Pecorelli, Sara Marinelli, Claudio Tiribelli, Stefano Bellentani, HCC‐NAFLD Italian Study Group – 24 November 2015 – Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome and may evolve into hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Only scanty clinical information is available on HCC in NAFLD.

Flushing the liver with urokinase before transplantation does not prevent nonanastomotic biliary strictures

Lars C. Pietersen, A. Claire Dulk, Andries E. Braat, Hein Putter, Kerem Sebib Korkmaz, Andre G. Baranski, Alexander F. M. Schaapherder, Jeroen Dubbeld, Bart Hoek, Jan Ringers – 24 November 2015 – The aim of the present study was to assess whether flushing the donor liver with urokinase immediately before implantation reduces the incidence of nonanastomotic biliary strictures (NASs) after liver transplantation, without causing increased blood loss, analyzed as a historical cohort study. Between January 2005 and October 2012, all liver (re‐)transplantations were included.

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