Inhibition of type I natural killer T cells by retinoids or following sulfatide‐mediated activation of type II natural killer T cells attenuates alcoholic liver disease in mice

Igor Maricic, Huiming Sheng, Idania Marrero, Ekihiro Seki, Tatiana Kisseleva, Som Chaturvedi, Natasha Molle, Stephanie A. Mathews, Bin Gao, Vipin Kumar – 5 December 2014 – Innate immune mechanisms leading to liver injury subsequent to chronic alcohol ingestion are poorly understood. Natural killer T (NKT) cells, enriched in the liver and comprised of at least two distinct subsets, type I and II, recognize different lipid antigens presented by CD1d molecules.

Dysregulated iron homeostasis is strongly associated with multiorgan failure and early mortality in acute‐on‐chronic liver failure

Jaswinder Singh Maras, Rakhi Maiwall, H.C. Harsha, Sukanta Das, Md.Shabir Hussain, Chandan Kumar, Chhagan Bihari, Archana Rastogi, Manoj Kumar, Nirupama Trehanpati, Shvetank Sharma, Akhilesh Pandey, Shiv Kumar Sarin – 5 December 2014 – Acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) is an ailment with high incidence of multiorgan failure (MOF) and consequent mortality. Dysregulated iron homeostasis and macrophage dysfunction are linked to increased incidence of MOF.

Comprehensive phenotyping of regulatory T cells after liver transplantation

Anna Gronert Álvarez, Paraskevi Fytili, Pothakamuri V. Suneetha, Anke R. M. Kraft, Christin Brauner, Jerome Schlue, Till Krech, Frank Lehner, Christoph Meyer‐Heithuis, Elmar Jaeckel, Juergen Klempnauer, Michael P. Manns, Markus Cornberg, Heiner Wedemeyer – 29 November 2014 – Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an important role in controlling alloreactivity after solid organ transplantation, but they may also impair antiviral immunity.

Use of serial assessment of disease severity and liver biopsy for indication for liver transplantation in pediatric Epstein‐Barr virus–induced fulminant hepatic failure

Atsuko Nakazawa, Natsuko Nakano, Akinari Fukuda, Seisuke Sakamoto, Ken‐Ichi Imadome, Toyoichiro Kudo, Kentaro Matsuoka, Mureo Kasahara – 28 November 2014 – The decision to perform liver transplantation (LT) in patients with Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)–induced fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) relies on a precise assessment of laboratory and pathological findings. In this study, we analyzed clinical and laboratory data as well as the pathological features of the liver in order to evaluate the pathogenesis and the need for LT in 5 patients with EBV‐induced FHF.

Long‐term effect of HCV eradication in patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia: A prospective, controlled, open‐label, cohort study

Laura Gragnani, Elisa Fognani, Alessia Piluso, Barbara Boldrini, Teresa Urraro, Alessio Fabbrizzi, Cristina Stasi, Jessica Ranieri, Monica Monti, Umberto Arena, Claudio Iannacone, Giacomo Laffi, Anna Linda Zignego, for the MaSVE Study Group – 27 November 2014 – Limited data are available about the efficacy of antiviral treatment in hepatitis C virus (HCV)–associated mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC), especially concerning the long‐term effects of HCV eradication.

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