A screen in mice uncovers repression of lipoprotein lipase by microRNA‐29a as a mechanism for lipid distribution away from the liver

Aras N. Mattis, Guisheng Song, Kelly Hitchner, Roy Y. Kim, Andrew Y. Lee, Amar D. Sharma, Yann Malato, Michael T. McManus, Christine C. Esau, Erich Koller, Suneil Koliwad, Lee P. Lim, Jacquelyn J. Maher, Robert L. Raffai, Holger Willenbring – 18 August 2014

Comparison of diagnostic accuracy of aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index and fibrosis‐4 index for detecting liver fibrosis in adult patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection: A systemic review and meta‐analysis

Guangqin Xiao, Jiayin Yang, Lunan Yan – 18 August 2014 – The aspartate aminotransferase‐to‐platelet ratio index (APRI) and fibrosis index based on the four factors (Fibrosis 4 index; FIB‐4) are the two most widely studied noninvasive tools for assessing liver fibrosis. Our aims were to systematically review the performance of APRI and FIB‐4 in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in adult patients and compare their advantages and disadvantages.

Osteopontin deficiency does not prevent but promotes alcoholic neutrophilic hepatitis in mice

Raul Lazaro, Raymond Wu, Sunyoung Lee, Nian‐Ling Zhu, Chia‐Lin Chen, Samuel W. French, Jun Xu, Keigo Machida, Hidekazu Tsukamoto – 18 August 2014 – Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is a distinct spectrum of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) with intense neutrophilic (polymorphonuclear; PMN) inflammation and high mortality. Although a recent study implicates osteopontin (SPP1) in AH, SPP1 is also shown to have protective effects on experimental ALD.

Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)‐1 creates a premetastatic niche in the liver through SDF‐1/CXCR4‐dependent neutrophil recruitment in mice

Bastian Seubert, Barbara Grünwald, Julia Kobuch, Haissi Cui, Florian Schelter, Susanne Schaten, Jens T. Siveke, Ngee H. Lim, Hideaki Nagase, Nicole Simonavicius, Mathias Heikenwalder, Thomas Reinheckel, Jonathan P. Sleeman, Klaus‐Peter Janssen, Percy A. Knolle, Achim Krüger – 18 August 2014 – Due to its ability to inhibit prometastatic matrix metalloproteinases, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)‐1 has been thought to suppress tumor metastasis.

Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells in hepatic fibrosis

Laurie D. DeLeve – 18 August 2014 – Capillarization, lack of liver sinusoidal endothelial cell (LSEC) fenestration, and formation of an organized basement membrane not only precedes fibrosis, but is also permissive for hepatic stellate cell activation and fibrosis. Thus, dysregulation of the LSEC phenotype is a critical step in the fibrotic process. Both a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐stimulated, nitric oxide (NO)‐independent pathway and a VEGF‐stimulated NO‐dependent pathway are necessary to maintain the differentiated LSEC phenotype.

Fattyaciddesaturase 1 gene polymorphisms control human hepatic lipid composition

Libo Wang, Shaminie Athinarayanan, Guanglong Jiang, Naga Chalasani, Min Zhang, Wanqing Liu – 14 August 2014 – Fatty acid desaturase (FADS) genes and their variants have been associated with multiple metabolic phenotypes, including liver enzymes and hepatic fat accumulation, but the detailed mechanism remains unclear. We aimed to delineate the role of FADSs in modulating lipid composition in human liver. We performed a targeted lipidomic analysis of a variety of phospholipids, sphingolipids, and ceramides among 154 human liver tissue samples.

Transcriptional activation of Fsp27 by the liver‐enriched transcription factor CREBH promotes lipid droplet growth and hepatic steatosis

Xu Xu, Jong‐Gil Park, Jae‐Seon So, Ann‐Hwee Lee – 14 August 2014 – Fat‐specific protein 27 (Fsp27) is a lipid droplet‐associated protein that promotes lipid droplet (LD) growth and triglyceride (TG) storage in white adipocytes. Fsp27 is also highly expressed in the steatotic liver and contributes to TG accumulation. In this study we discovered that the liver produces Fsp27β, an alternative Fsp27 isoform, which contains 10 additional amino acids at the N‐terminus of the original Fsp27 (Fsp27α).

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