Ryan Law, Carlos Leal, Barham Abu Dayyeh, Michael D. Leise, Domingo Balderramo, Todd H. Baron, Andres Cardenas – 1 October 2013 – Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is frequently used for diagnosis and therapeutic interventions in recipients of liver transplantation (LT) who develop biliary complications. Post–endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography acute pancreatitis (PEP) is the most common major adverse event after ERCP; however, the frequency of PEP in LT recipients is not well established.

Masatoshi Kudo, Tadaaki Arizumi, Kazuomi Ueshima – 1 October 2013

Tetsuji Fujita – 1 October 2013

Ian A. Rowe, Richard Parker, Matthew J. Armstrong, Andrew L. King, Diarmaid D. Houlihan, David J. Mutimer – 1 October 2013

Antonio Sica, Pietro Invernizzi, Alberto Mantovani – 1 October 2013 – Resident and recruited macrophages are key players in the homeostatic function of the liver and in its response to tissue damage. In response to environmental signals, macrophages undergo polarized activation to M1 or M2 or M2‐like activation states. These are extremes of a spectrum in a universe of activation states. Progress has been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the polarized activation of mononuclear phagocytes.

Tohru Itoh, Atsushi Miyajima – 1 October 2013 – The liver is renowned for its strong, robust regenerative capacity, employing different modes of regeneration according to type and extent of injury. The process of compensatory hypertrophy of the liver upon partial hepatectomy has been standing as a classical model for studying organ regeneration in mammals and a subject of exhaustive analyses. Meanwhile, in view of the physiological relevance for many of the human liver pathologies induced upon toxic insults or hepatitis, other injury models have recently drawn increasing attention.

Wen‐Xing Ding – 1 October 2013

James R. Rodrigue, Douglas W. Hanto, Michael P. Curry – 1 October 2013 – Many liver transplantation (LT) programs require substance abuse (SA) treatment for candidates with a history of alcohol abuse. However, there are no data indicating that SA treatment prevents post‐LT alcohol relapse. We examined 118 adults who underwent LT from May 2002 to February 2011 to explore the relationship between SA treatment and post‐LT relapse to any alcohol use. Sixty‐one patients (52%) with a history of alcohol abuse or dependence received SA treatment before LT.

Markus Peck‐Radosavljevic, Wolfgang Sieghart, Florian Hucke, for the Vienna HCC Study Group – 1 October 2013

Ju Dong Yang, Manal F. Abdelmalek, Herbert Pang, Cynthia D. Guy, Alastair D. Smith, Anna Mae Diehl, Ayako Suzuki – 1 October 2013 – Estrogens inhibit stellate cell activation and fibrogenesis. Thus, gender and reproductive states may influence the degree of fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).