Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 tyrosine kinase fusions define a unique molecular subtype of cholangiocarcinoma

Yasuhito Arai, Yasushi Totoki, Fumie Hosoda, Tomoki Shirota, Natsuko Hama, Hiromi Nakamura, Hidenori Ojima, Koh Furuta, Kazuaki Shimada, Takuji Okusaka, Tomoo Kosuge, Tatsuhiro Shibata – 9 October 2013 – Cholangiocarcinoma is an intractable cancer, with limited therapeutic options, in which the molecular mechanisms underlying tumor development remain poorly understood. Identification of a novel driver oncogene and applying it to targeted therapies for molecularly defined cancers might lead to improvements in the outcome of patients.

Pharmacological inhibition of the chemokine C‐C motif chemokine ligand 2 (monocyte chemoattractant protein 1) accelerates liver fibrosis regression by suppressing Ly‐6C+ macrophage infiltration in mice

Christer Baeck, Xiao Wei, Matthias Bartneck, Viktor Fech, Felix Heymann, Nikolaus Gassler, Kanishka Hittatiya, Dirk Eulberg, Tom Luedde, Christian Trautwein, Frank Tacke – 8 October 2013 – Macrophages constitute a major proinflammatory component during chronic liver diseases and are considered a key factor in promoting hepatic fibrosis. However, there is increasing evidence that distinct monocyte and macrophage subsets exert critical functions in regression from organ fibrosis as well.

Hepatic interferon‐stimulated genes are differentially regulated in the liver of chronic hepatitis C patients with different interleukin‐28B genotypes

Masao Honda, Takayoshi Shirasaki, Tetsuro Shimakami, Akito Sakai, Rika Horii, Kuniaki Arai, Tatsuya Yamashita, Yoshio Sakai, Taro Yamashita, Hikari Okada, Kazuhisa Murai, Mikiko Nakamura, Eishiro Mizukoshi, Shuichi Kaneko – 8 October 2013 – Pretreatment up‐regulation of hepatic interferon (IFN)‐stimulated genes (ISGs) has a stronger association with the treatment‐resistant interleukin (IL)28B minor genotype (MI; TG/GG at rs8099917) than with the treatment‐sensitive IL28B major genotype (MA; TT at rs8099917).

An effective interferon‐gamma‐mediated inhibition of hepatitis C virus replication by natural killer cells is associated with spontaneous clearance of acute hepatitis C in human immunodeficiency virus‐positive patients

Pavlos Kokordelis, Benjamin Krämer, Christian Körner, Christoph Boesecke, Esther Voigt, Patrick Ingiliz, Andreas Glässner, Marianne Eisenhardt, Franziska Wolter, Dominik Kaczmarek, Hans Dieter Nischalke, Jürgen K. Rockstroh, Ulrich Spengler, Jacob Nattermann – 8 October 2013 – Hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection is an increasing health problem in human immunodeficiency virus‐positive (HIV+) individuals. However, a considerable proportion of HIV+ patients manage to overcome acute hepatitis C (AHC) spontaneously.

Ascites and serum sodium are markers of increased waiting list mortality in children with chronic liver failure

Renata Pugliese, Eduardo A. Fonseca, Gilda Porta, Vera Danesi, Teresa Guimaraes, Adriana Porta, Irene K. Miura, Cristian Borges, Helry Candido, Marcel Benavides, Flavia H. Feier, Andre Godoy, Rita Antonelli Cardoso, Mario Kondo, Paulo Chapchap, Joao Seda Neto – 7 October 2013 – Ascites is the most common complication of cirrhosis and in adults it is associated with 50% mortality at 5 years if patients do not receive a liver transplant. The occurrence of hyponatremia in these patients has been associated with increased mortality on the waiting list.

Tri‐iodothyronine induces hepatocyte proliferation by protein kinase a‐dependent β‐catenin activation in rodents

Maura Fanti, Sucha Singh, Giovanna M. Ledda‐Columbano, Amedeo Columbano, Satdarshan P. Monga – 7 October 2013 – Thyroid hormone (T3), like many other ligands of the steroid/thyroid hormone nuclear receptor superfamily, is a strong inducer of liver cell proliferation in rats and mice. However, the molecular basis of its mitogenic activity, which is currently unknown, must be elucidated if its use in hepatic regenerative medicine is to be considered. F‐344 rats or C57BL/6 mice were fed a diet containing T3 for 2‐7 days.

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