Human CD14+CTLA‐4+ regulatory dendritic cells suppress T‐cell response by cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen‐4‐dependent IL‐10 and indoleamine‐2,3‐dioxygenase production in hepatocellular carcinoma

Yanmei Han, Zhubo Chen, Yuan Yang, Zhengping Jiang, Yan Gu, Yangfang Liu, Chuan Lin, Zeya Pan, Yizhi Yu, Minghong Jiang, Weiping Zhou, Xuetao Cao – 19 August 2013 – Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide with limited therapeutic options. HCC‐induced immunosuppression often leads to ineffectiveness of immuno‐promoting therapies. Currently, suppressing the suppressors has become the potential strategy for cancer immunotherapy.

Dysbiosis contributes to fibrogenesis in the course of chronic liver injury in mice

Samuele Minicis, Chiara Rychlicki, Laura Agostinelli, Stefania Saccomanno, Cinzia Candelaresi, Luciano Trozzi, Eleonora Mingarelli, Bruna Facinelli, Gloria Magi, Claudio Palmieri, Marco Marzioni, Antonio Benedetti, Gianluca Svegliati‐Baroni – 19 August 2013 – Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) may lead to hepatic fibrosis. Dietary habits affect gut microbiota composition, whereas endotoxins produced by Gram‐negative bacteria stimulate hepatic fibrogenesis. However, the mechanisms of action and the potential effect of microbiota in the liver are still unknown.

Structure‐guided design affirms inhibitors of hepatitis C virus p7 as a viable class of antivirals targeting virion release

Toshana L. Foster, Gary S. Thompson, Arnout P. Kalverda, Jayakanth Kankanala, Matthew Bentham, Laura F. Wetherill, Joseph Thompson, Amy M. Barker, Dean Clarke, Marko Noerenberg, Arwen R. Pearson, David J. Rowlands, Steven W. Homans, Mark Harris, Richard Foster, Stephen Griffin – 12 August 2013 – Current interferon‐based therapy for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is inadequate, prompting a shift toward combinations of direct‐acting antivirals (DAA) with the first protease‐targeted drugs licensed in 2012.

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