Long‐term clinical outcomes of biliary cast syndrome in liver transplant recipients

Woo Hyun Paik, Sang Hyub Lee, Ji Kon Ryu, Byeong Jun Song, Jaihwan Kim, Yong‐Tae Kim, Yong Bum Yoon – 5 December 2012 – Biliary cast syndrome (BCS) is an uncommon complication of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), so the long‐term treatment outcomes of BCS are not well characterized. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long‐term treatment outcomes and prognosis of BCS after OLT. The medical records of 1097 patients who underwent OLT from January 2000 to September 2009 were reviewed.

Extracorporeal albumin dialysis with the molecular adsorbent recirculating system in acute‐on‐chronic liver failure: The RELIEF trial

Rafael Bañares, Frederik Nevens, Fin Stolze Larsen, Rajiv Jalan, Agustín Albillos, Matthias Dollinger, Faouzi Saliba, Tilman Sauerbruch, Sebastian Klammt, Johann Ockenga, Albert Pares, Julia Wendon, Tanja Brünnler, Ludwig Kramer, Philippe Mathurin, Manuel de la Mata, Antonio Gasbarrini, Beat Müllhaupt, Alexander Wilmer, Wim Laleman, Martin Eefsen, Sambit Sen, Alexander Zipprich, Teresa Tenorio, Marco Pavesi, Hartmut H.‐J.

Local access to subspecialty care influences the chance of receiving a liver transplant

A. Sidney Barritt, Stephen A. Telloni, Clarence W. Potter, David A. Gerber, Paul H. Hayashi – 5 December 2012 – Prior studies have examined the impact of demographic factors on liver transplant outcomes. These factors may be surrogate markers for access to medical care. We investigated physician density in referred patients' hospital service areas (HSAs) as a factor in patients' probability of receiving a liver transplant. We performed a retrospective review of patients referred for liver transplantation from 2002 through 2010.

Risk of waitlist mortality in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and bacterial cholangitis

David S. Goldberg, Amanda Camp, Alvaro Martinez‐Camacho, Lisa Forman, Brett Fortune, K. Rajender Reddy – 5 December 2012 – Patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) are at increased risk for bacterial cholangitis because of biliary strictures and bile stasis. A subset of PSC patients suffer from repeated episodes of bacterial cholangitis, which can lead to frequent hospitalizations and impaired quality of life.

Human blood dendritic cell antigen 3 (BDCA3)+ dendritic cells are a potent producer of interferon‐λ in response to hepatitis C virus

Sachiyo Yoshio, Tatsuya Kanto, Shoko Kuroda, Tokuhiro Matsubara, Koyo Higashitani, Naruyasu Kakita, Hisashi Ishida, Naoki Hiramatsu, Hiroaki Nagano, Masaya Sugiyama, Kazumoto Murata, Takasuke Fukuhara, Yoshiharu Matsuura, Norio Hayashi, Masashi Mizokami, Tetsuo Takehara – 5 December 2012 – The polymorphisms in the interleukin (IL)‐28B (interferon‐lambda [IFN]‐λ3) gene are strongly associated with the efficacy of hepatitis C virus (HCV) clearance.

Characterization of the inhibition of hepatitis C virus entry by In vitro–generated and patient‐derived oxidized low‐density lipoprotein

Sandra Westhaus, Dorothea Bankwitz, Stefanie Ernst, Katrin Rohrmann, Ilka Wappler, Clemens Agné, Maren Luchtefeld, Bernhard Schieffer, Christoph Sarrazin, Michael P. Manns, Thomas Pietschmann, Sandra Ciesek, Thomas von Hahn – 5 December 2012 – Oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (oxLDL) has been reported as an inhibitor of hepatitis C virus (HCV) cell entry, making it the only known component of human lipid metabolism with an antiviral effect on HCV.

Vitamin A deficiency is associated with hepatitis C virus chronic infection and with unresponsiveness to interferon‐based antiviral therapy

Davide Bitetto, Nadia Bortolotti, Edmondo Falleti, Sara Vescovo, Carlo Fabris, Giovanna Fattovich, Annarosa Cussigh, Sara Cmet, Ezio Fornasiere, Elisa Ceriani, Mario Pirisi, Pierluigi Toniutto – 5 December 2012 – Recent data suggest that vitamin A modulates the expression of type I interferon receptor enhancing the antireplication effect of interferon‐α on hepatitis C virus (HCV).

Clinical availability of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease as an early predictor of type 2 diabetes mellitus in korean men: 5‐year prospective cohort study

Sung Keun Park, Mi Hae Seo, Ho Cheol Shin, Jae‐Hong Ryoo – 5 December 2012 – There have been several reports about the clinical association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, most of the studies were about the unilateral effects of type 2 DM on NAFLD, and studies on the reverse relation are rare. Thus, this study was designed to investigate the effect of NAFLD on type 2 DM. We conducted a prospective cohort study on 25,232 Korean men without type 2 DM for 5 years.

Association between liver‐specific gene polymorphisms and their expression levels with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Leon A. Adams, Scott W. White, Julie A. Marsh, Stephen J. Lye, Kristin L. Connor, Richard Maganga, Oyekoya T. Ayonrinde, John K. Olynyk, Trevor A. Mori, Lawrence J. Beilin, Lyle J. Palmer, Jeffrey M. Hamdorf, Craig E. Pennell – 5 December 2012 – Genetic factors account for a significant proportion of the phenotypic variance of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, very few predisposing genes have been identified.

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