Hongwei He, Albert Mennone, James L. Boyer, Shi‐Ying Cai – 21 October 2010 – Cholestasis leads to liver cell death, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and eventually liver failure. Despite limited benefits, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is the only Food and Drug Administration–approved treatment for cholestatic disorders. Retinoic acid (RA) is a ligand for nuclear receptors that modulate bile salt homeostasis. RA also possesses immunomodulatory effects and is used to treat acute promyelocytic leukemia and inflammatory disorders such as psoriasis, acne, and rheumatoid arthritis.

Lutz Fischer, Pavel Trunečka, Bruno Gridelli, Andre Roy, Alessandro Vitale, Andrés Valdivieso, Evaristo Varo, Daniel Seehofer, Stephen Lynch, Didier Samuel, Bo‐Goran Ericzon, Karim Boudjema, Carmen Karpf, Nasrullah Undre – 21 October 2010 – Tacrolimus, a cornerstone immunosuppressant, is available as a twice‐daily formulation (tacrolimus bid). A once‐daily prolonged‐release formulation (tacrolimus qd) has been developed.

Xiuchan Guo, Yong Zhang, Ji Li, Jingchen Ma, Zuli Wei, Wenjie Tan, Stephen J. O'Brien – 20 October 2010 – Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major health issue, especially in Asia. A recent genome‐wide association study (GWAS) implicated genetic variants in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐DP locus associated with chronic hepatitis B in Japanese and Thai populations.

Stefan Stender, Ruth Frikke‐Schmidt, Børge G. Nordestgaard, Anne Tybjærg‐Hansen – 20 October 2010 – Gallstone disease, a risk factor for biliary cancer, has a strong heritable component, but the underlying genes are largely unknown.

Ricky H. Bhogal, Rupesh Sutaria, Simon C. Afford – 19 October 2010

Yuichi Chihara, Hiroto Egawa, Tomomasa Tsuboi, Toru Oga, Tomohiro Handa, Kazuhiko Yamamoto, Michiaki Mishima, Koichi Tanaka, Shinji Uemoto, Kazuo Chin – 19 October 2010 – Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is defined as hypoxemia induced by intrapulmonary vascular dilations associated with liver disease. Although liver transplantation (LT) is the only effective therapy established for severe HPS, patients with a partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) less than 60 mm Hg have a poor prognosis. We treated a 4‐year‐old boy with HPS whose preoperative PaO2 level was 48.8 mm Hg.

Dong Il Gwon, Kyu‐Bo Sung, Gi‐Young Ko, Hyun‐Ki Yoon, Sung‐Gyu Lee – 19 October 2010 – The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of percutaneous transhepatic management of anastomotic biliary strictures using the dual catheter placement technique (2 drainage catheters inserted via single percutaneous tract). The protocol of this retrospective study was approved by the institutional review board of our institution and written informed consent was waived.

Shashikiran Donthamsetty, Vishakha S. Bhave, Corrine S. Kliment, William C. Bowen, Wendy M. Mars, Aaron W. Bell, Rachel E. Stewart, Anne Orr, Chuanyue Wu, George K. Michalopoulos – 18 October 2010 – TCBOPOP (1,4‐bis [2‐(3,5‐dichaloropyridyloxy)] benzene) an agonist of the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), produces rapid hepatocyte hyperplasia and hepatomegaly in the absence of hepatic injury.

Amy Dhirapong, Ana Lleo, Guo‐Xiang Yang, Koichi Tsuneyama, Robert Dunn, Marilyn Kehry, Thomas A. Packard, John C. Cambier, Fu‐Tong Liu, Keith Lindor, Ross L. Coppel, Aftab A. Ansari, M. Eric Gershwin – 18 October 2010 – Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is considered a model autoimmune disease due to the clinical homogeneity of patients and the classic hallmark of antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs). Indeed, the presence of AMAs represents the most highly directed and specific autoantibody in autoimmune diseases. However, the contribution of B cells to the pathogenesis of PBC is unclear.

Maria Serena Longhi, Munther J. Hussain, William W. Kwok, Giorgina Mieli‐Vergani, Yun Ma, Diego Vergani – 18 October 2010 – Effector CD4 and CD8 T cell immune responses to cytochrome P450IID6 (CYP2D6), the autoantigen of autoimmune hepatitis type 2 (AIH‐2), are permitted by a numerical and functional impairment of CD4posCD25high regulatory T cells (T‐regs).