Lineage restriction of human hepatic stem cells to mature fates is made efficient by tissue‐specific biomatrix scaffolds

Yunfang Wang, Cai‐Bin Cui, Mitsuo Yamauchi, Patricia Miguez, Marsha Roach, Richard Malavarca, M. Joseph Costello, Vincenzo Cardinale, Eliane Wauthier, Claire Barbier, David A. Gerber, Domenico Alvaro, Lola M. Reid – 24 September 2010 – Current protocols for differentiation of stem cells make use of multiple treatments of soluble signals and/or matrix factors and result typically in partial differentiation to mature cells with under‐ or overexpression of adult tissue‐specific genes.

Antihepatoma activity of chaetocin due to deregulated splicing of hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α pre‐mRNA in mice and in vitro

Yoon‐Mi Lee, Ji‐Hong Lim, Haejin Yoon, Yang‐Sook Chun, Jong‐Wan Park – 24 September 2010 – Chaetocin, an antibiotic produced by Chaetomium species fungi, was recently found to have antimyeloma activity. Here we examined whether chaetocin has anticancer activities against solid tumors. Chaetocin inhibited the growth of mouse and human hepatoma grafts in nude mice. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that chaetocin inhibits hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) expression and vessel formation in the tumors.

Adipose triglyceride lipase is a major hepatic lipase that regulates triacylglycerol turnover and fatty acid signaling and partitioning

Kuok Teong Ong, Mara T. Mashek, So Young Bu, Andrew S. Greenberg, Douglas G. Mashek – 24 September 2010 – Despite advances in our understanding of the ways in which nutrient oversupply and triacylglycerol (TAG) anabolism contribute to hepatic steatosis, little is known about the lipases responsible for regulating hepatic TAG turnover. Recent studies have identified adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) as a major lipase in adipose tissue, although its role in the liver is largely unknown. Thus, we tested the contribution of ATGL to hepatic lipid metabolism and signaling.

C‐reactive protein impairs hepatic insulin sensitivity and insulin signaling in rats: Role of mitogen‐activated protein kinases

Liang Xi, Changting Xiao, Robert H.J. Bandsma, Mark Naples, Khosrow Adeli, Gary F. Lewis – 24 September 2010 – Plasma C‐reactive protein (CRP) concentration is increased in the metabolic syndrome, which consists of a cluster of cardiovascular disease risk factors, including insulin resistance. It is not known, however, whether CRP is merely a marker of accompanying inflammation or whether it contributes causally to insulin resistance. The objective of this study is to investigate the role that CRP may play in the development of insulin resistance.

Tumor necrosis factor α sensitizes primary murine hepatocytes to Fas/CD95‐induced apoptosis in a Bim‐ and Bid‐dependent manner

Kathrin Schmich, Rebekka Schlatter, Nadia Corazza, Karine Sá Ferreira, Michael Ederer, Thomas Brunner, Christoph Borner, Irmgard Merfort – 24 September 2010 – Fas/CD95 is a critical mediator of cell death in many chronic and acute liver diseases and induces apoptosis in primary hepatocytes in vitro. In contrast, the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) fails to provoke cell death in isolated hepatocytes but has been implicated in hepatocyte apoptosis during liver diseases associated with chronic inflammation.

Olprinone attenuates excessive shear stress through up‐regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in a rat excessive hepatectomy model

Kenya Yamanaka, Etsuro Hatano, Masato Narita, Koji Kitamura, Atsuko Yanagida, Hiroyuki Asechi, Hiromitsu Nagata, Kojiro Taura, Takashi Nitta, Shinji Uemoto – 21 September 2010 – After extended hepatectomy, excessive shear stress in the remnant liver causes postoperative liver failure. Olprinone (OLP), a selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor, has been reported to improve microcirculation and attenuate inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of OLP on shear stress in rats with an excessive hepatectomy (EHx) model.

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