Acute liver failure due to antitubercular therapy: Strategy for antitubercular treatment before and after liver transplantation

Philippe Ichai, Faouzi Saliba, Fadi Antoun, Daniel Azoulay, Mylène Sebagh, Teresa Maria Antonini, Lélia Escaut, Delvart Valérie, Denis Castaing, Didier Samuel – 30 June 2010 – The standard antitubercular treatment (ATT), which consists of isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RIF), ethambutol, and pyrazinamide (PZA), is the best available treatment for tuberculosis (TB). However, the hepatotoxicity of INH and PZA can be severe, and even after drug withdrawal, patients may require liver transplantation (LT). In these cases, the strategy for the treatment of TB is poorly defined.

Liver‐enriched transcription factors regulate MicroRNA‐122 that targets CUTL1 during liver development

Hui Xu, Jie‐Hua He, Zhen‐Dong Xiao, Qian‐Qian Zhang, Yue‐Qin Chen, Hui Zhou, Liang‐Hu Qu – 30 June 2010 – MicroRNA‐122 (miR‐122) is a liver‐specific microRNA whose expression is specifically turned on in the mouse liver during embryogenesis, thus it is expected to be involved in liver development. However, the role of miR‐122 in liver development and its potential underlying mechanism remain unclear.

The potent bile acid sequestrant colesevelam is not effective in cholestatic pruritus: Results of a double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial

Edith M. M. Kuiper, Karel J. van Erpecum, Ulrich Beuers, Bettina E. Hansen, H. Bing Thio, Robert A. de Man, Harry L. A. Janssen, Henk R. van Buuren – 30 June 2010 – Colesevelam is an anion‐exchange resin with a 7‐fold higher bile acid–binding capacity and fewer side effects than cholestyramine, the current first‐line treatment option for cholestatic pruritus. The aim of this trial was to compare the effects of colesevelam and a placebo in patients with cholestatic pruritus.

Paracrine signals from mesenchymal cell populations govern the expansion and differentiation of human hepatic stem cells to adult liver fates

Yunfang Wang, Hsin‐Lei Yao, Cai‐Bin Cui, Eliane Wauthier, Claire Barbier, Martin J. Costello, Nicholas Moss, Mitsuo Yamauchi, Marnisa Sricholpech, David Gerber, Elizabeth G. Loboa, Lola M. Reid – 30 June 2010 – The differentiation of embryonic or determined stem cell populations into adult liver fates under known conditions yields cells with some adult‐specific genes but not others, aberrant regulation of one or more genes, and variations in the results from experiment to experiment.

Safety of small‐for‐size grafts in adult‐to‐adult living donor liver transplantation using the right lobe

Ju Ik Moon, Choon Hyuck David Kwon, Jae‐Won Joh, Gum O. Jung, Gyu‐Seong Choi, Jae Berm Park, Jong Man Kim, Milljae Shin, Sung‐Joo Kim, Suk‐Koo Lee – 25 June 2010 – The problem of graft size is one of the critical factors limiting the expansion of adult‐to‐adult living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). We compared the outcome of LDLT recipients who received grafts with a graft‐to‐recipient weight ratio (GRWR) < 0.8% or a GRWR ≥ 0.8%, and we analyzed the risk factors affecting graft survival after small‐for‐size grafts (SFSGs) were used.

Increased incidence of early de novo cancer in liver graft recipients treated with cyclosporine: An association with C2 monitoring and recipient age

Angela S. W. Tjon, Jerome Sint Nicolaas, Jaap Kwekkeboom, Robert A. de Man, Geert Kazemier, Hugo W. Tilanus, Bettina E. Hansen, Luc J. W. van der Laan, Thanyalak Tha‐In, Herold J. Metselaar – 25 June 2010 – The goal of this study was to determine the risk factors for de novo cancer after liver transplantation (LTx). Retrospective analyses were performed in 385 LTx patients who underwent transplantation between 1986 and 2007. In total, 50 (13.0%) recipients developed de novo malignancy.

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