Lorenzo Norberto, Lino Polese, Umberto Cillo, Francesco Grigoletto, Andrew K. Burroughs, Daniele Neri, Giacomo Zanus, Patrizia Boccagni, Patrizia Burra, Davide F. D'Amico – 16 March 2007 – Whether beta‐blockers (BB) or banding is the best therapy for primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding is subject to debate. A randomized comparison between the 2 treatments was performed in candidates for liver transplantation (LT). A total of 62 patients with Child‐Turcotte‐Pugh B‐C cirrhosis and high risk varices received propranolol (31) or variceal banding (31).

Moataz Seyam, James M. Neuberger, Bridget K. Gunson, Stefan G. Hübscher – 16 March 2007 – Liver allograft cirrhosis is a relatively uncommon complication of liver transplantation. Most cases can be attributed to disease recurrence, particularly recurrent hepatitis C. Little is known about the frequency, etiology, and natural history of liver allograft cirrhosis occurring without evidence of recurrent disease. The aim of the present study was to review the clinicopathological features in this group of patients.

Youwen Fang, Song Iy Han, Clint Mitchell, Seema Gupta, Elaine Studer, Steven Grant, Phillip B. Hylemon, Paul Dent – 7 March 2007 – Previous studies have demonstrated in hepatocytes that deoxycholic acid (DCA) promotes inactivation of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases) and activation of ERBB1 and the extracellular‐regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 pathway. The present studies have determined the biochemical mechanism(s) through which these events occur.

Harvey J. Alter – 7 March 2007

Gabriele Sass, Miguel Che Parreira Soares, Kenichiro Yamashita, Stefan Seyfried, Wolfram‐Hubertus Zimmermann, Thomas Eschenhagen, Elzbieta Kaczmarek, Thomas Ritter, Hans‐Dieter Volk, Gisa Tiegs – 7 March 2007 – Heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1), a stress‐responsive enzyme that catabolizes heme into carbon monoxide (CO), biliverdin, and iron, has previously been shown to protect grafts from ischemia/reperfusion injury and rejection. Here we investigated the protective potential of HO‐1 in 5 models of immune‐mediated liver injury.

Yutaka Inagaki, Tomoyuki Nemoto, Miwa Kushida, Yin Sheng, Kiyoshi Higashi, Kazuo Ikeda, Norifumi Kawada, Fumiaki Shirasaki, Kazuhiko Takehara, Kota Sugiyama, Mitsukiyo Fujii, Hiroshi Yamauchi, Atsuhito Nakao, Benoit de Crombrugghe, Tetsu Watanabe, Isao Okazaki – 7 March 2007 – The equilibrium between the production and degradation of collagen is rigorously controlled by a number of growth factors and cytokines.

Fukiko Furukawa, Koichi Matsuzaki, Shigeo Mori, Yoshiya Tahashi, Katsunori Yoshida, Yasushi Sugano, Hideo Yamagata, Masanori Matsushita, Toshihito Seki, Yutaka Inagaki, Mikio Nishizawa, Junichi Fujisawa, Kyoichi Inoue – 7 March 2007 – Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) spontaneously transdifferentiate into myofibroblast (MFB)‐phenotype on plastic dishes. This response recapitulates the features of activation in vivo. Transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β) plays a prominent role in stimulating liver fibrogenesis by MFBs.

7 March 2007

Chun Tao Wai, Chi‐Jen Chu, Munira Hussain, Anna S. F. Lok – 7 March 2007 – Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype and precore/core promoter mutations have been implicated in spontaneous and interferon alfa (IFN‐α)—related hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion. We performed a retrospective analysis of a previously reported randomized controlled trial to determine the effects of HBV genotype and precore/core promoter mutations on IFN‐α response in patients with HBeAg‐positive chronic hepatitis. Clinical data and stored sera from 109 (95%) patients in the original trial were analyzed.

Tamie Nakajima, Yuji Kamijo, Naoki Tanaka, Eiko Sugiyama, Eiji Tanaka, Kendo Kiyosawa, Yoshimitsu Fukushima, Jeffrey M. Peters, Frank J. Gonzalez, Toshifumi Aoyama – 7 March 2007 – The mechanisms underlying alcoholic liver disease are not completely understood, but lipid accumulation seems to be central to the cause of this disease. The peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor α (PPARα) plays an important role in the control of lipid homeostasis, metabolism of bioactive molecules, and modulation of inflammatory responses.