The detection of bacterial DNA in blood of rats with CCl4‐induced cirrhosis with ascites represents episodes of bacterial translocation

Carlos Guarner, José M. González‐Navajas, Elisabet Sánchez, Germán Soriando, Rubén Francés, Maite Chiva, Pedro Zapater, Susana Benlloch, Carlos Muñoz, Sonia Pascual, Joaquín Balanzó, Miguel Pérez‐Mateo, José Such – 29 August 2006 – Bacterial DNA (bactDNA) is present in blood and ascitic fluid (AF) in a third of patients with cirrhosis and ascites, but whether this phenomenon represents episodes of bacterial translocation (BT), strictly considered when culture of mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) are positive, remains unknown.

Evolution of multi‐drug resistant hepatitis B virus during sequential therapy

Hyung Joon Yim, Munira Hussain, Ying Liu, Stephen N. Wong, Scott K. Fung, Anna S. F. Lok – 29 August 2006 – Multi‐drug resistant hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been reported in hepatitis B patients who received sequential antiviral therapy. In vitro studies showed that HBV constructs with mutations resistant to lamivudine and adefovir have marked reduction in sensitivity to combination of lamivudine and adefovir, whereas constructs with mutations resistant to either drug remain sensitive to the other drug.

pH‐independent entry and sequential endosomal sorting are major determinants of hepadnaviral infection in primary hepatocytes

Anneke Funk, Mouna Mhamdi, Heinz Hohenberg, Hans Will, Hueseyin Sirma – 29 August 2006 – Entry and intracellular transport of hepatitis B viruses have several unusual, largely unknown aspects. In this study, we explored the mode of virus entry using the duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) and the primary hepatocyte infection model. Upon internalization, viral particles were enriched in an endosomal compartment, as revealed by biochemical and ultrastructural analysis. Virus‐containing vesicles harbored early endosome markers.

Monoclonal antibody HCV‐AbXTL68 in patients undergoing liver transplantation for HCV: Results of a phase 2 randomized study

Thomas D. Schiano, Michael Charlton, Zobair Younossi, Eithan Galun, Timothy Pruett, Ran Tur‐Kaspa, Rachel Eren, Shlomo Dagan, Neil Graham, Paulette V. Williams, John Andrews – 24 August 2006 – A randomized, double‐blind, dose‐escalation study evaluated the safety and efficacy of hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐AbXTL68, a neutralizing, high‐affinity, fully human, anti‐E2 monoclonal antibody, in 24 HCV‐positive patients undergoing liver transplantation.

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