David D. Wilson, Howard S. Lowensohn – 1 January 1988 – This study developed the validated standards for a known viscosity method by obtaining consistent viscosity measurements with defined precision, reproducibility and sensitivity limits for canine hepatic bile. Size 75 Cannon‐Manning semimicro viscometers yielded the most precise viscosity measurements. With the development of proper handling methods for fresh bile samples, a precision defined by a coefficient of variation of ≤ ± 0.3% was obtained.

Owen Epstein – 1 January 1988 – The syndrome of primary biliary cirrhosis and limited scleroderma (the CREST syndrome) is described in 22 patients. The syndrome is expanded to include a serologic marker—the anticentromere antibody—and keratoconjunctivitis sicca. The acronym “PACK” (primary biliary cirrhosis, anticentromere antibody, CREST syndrome, and keratoconjunctivitis sicca) with “syndrome” is suggested to facilitate recall of the various components of this entity.

1 January 1988

Gaetanǒ Idéo, Giorgio Bellati, Edoardo Fesce, Daniela Grimoldi – 1 January 1988 – Propranolol has been reported to prevent the risk of hemorrhage in patients who survived episodes of variceal rupture. Since the first bleeding episode can be lethal, we did a prospective, randomized trial to see whether β‐blockers could also prevent the first hemorrhage.

Sien‐Sing Yang, Robin D. Hughes, Roger Williams – 1 January 1988 – The levels of endogenous serum digoxin‐like immunoreactive substances were investigated during development of encephalopathy in patients with fulminant hepatic failure. The 67 patients studied had varying degrees of hepatic failure as a result of viral hepatitis or paracetamol overdose. Serum levels of digoxin‐like immunoreactive substances were significantly increased in both viral hepatitis and paracetamol overdose, with mean values of 0.42 ± S.D.

Bruce A. Runyon – 1 January 1988

Dieter Haüssinger – 1 January 1988 – 1Rates of urea synthesis were determined in periportal and pericentral regions of the liver lobule in perfused liver from fed, phenobarbital‐treated rats by measuring the extra O2 consumed upon infusion of NH4Cl with miniature O2 electrodes and from decreases in NADPH fluorescence detected with micro‐light‐guides.2Urea synthesis by the perfused rat liver supplemented with lactate (5 mM), ornithine (2 mM) and methionine sulfoximine (0.15 mM), an inhibitor of glutamine synthetase, was stimulated by stepwise infusion of NH4Cl at doses ranging from 0.24 mM t

Peter V. Tishler – 1 January 1988 – Günther's disease, or congenital erythropoietic porphyria, is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of heme biosynthesis characteristically associated with diminished uroporphyrinogen III cosynthetase activity. Disfiguring photomutilation starts in childhood. Avoidance of sunlight has been the only sure way to prevent or retard photosensitivity. The treatments that have been tried have had limited success. A partial benefit after splenectomy has been reported, but there is little evidence of specific, long‐term improvement.

J. Lacey Smith, David Y. Graham – 1 January 1988 – Variation in time of patient admission to studies of prognosis after variceal hemorrhage has been proposed as a major factor in the wide range of reported results. A study of 144 unselected subjects with a low initial mortality (3% at two days) suggests that the effect has been overemphasized and studies in which time of entry is later than the date of bleeding may be usefully compared. Reanalysis of previous work suggests that even in populations with a high initial mortality limited comparisons between studies can still be usefully made.

1 January 1988