Biological Nanotherapeutics for Liver Disease

Julia Driscoll, Cody Wehrkamp, Yu Ota, Jonathan N. Thomas, Irene K. Yan, Tushar Patel – 6 April 2021 – Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of biological nano‐sized vesicles that are released from cells and contribute to intercellular communication. Emerging knowledge about their biogenesis, composition, release, and uptake has resulted in broad interest in elucidating their potential roles in disease pathophysiology.

Mechanistic Rationales Guiding Combination Hepatocellular Carcinoma Therapies Involving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

Jacinth Wing‐Sum Cheu, Carmen Chak‐Lui Wong – 2 April 2021 – Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the deadliest cancers because of late symptom manifestation leading to delayed diagnosis, which limits patients with HCC in terms of receiving curative surgical treatment. There are only a few therapeutic options for patients with advanced HCC. The emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) brings HCC treatment to a stage at which nivolumab, an anti–programmed cell death protein 1 monoclonal antibody, achieves a 20% response rate.

Heterozygosity of the Alpha 1‐Antitrypsin Pi*Z Allele and Risk of Liver Disease

Aaron Hakim, Matthew Moll, Dandi Qiao, Jiangyuan Liu, Jessica A. Lasky‐Su, Edwin K. Silverman, Silvia Vilarinho, Z. Gordon Jiang, Brian D. Hobbs, Michael H. Cho – 2 April 2021 – The serpin family A member 1 (SERPINA1) Z allele is present in approximately one in 25 individuals of European ancestry. Z allele homozygosity (Pi*ZZ) is the most common cause of alpha 1‐antitrypsin deficiency and is a proven risk factor for cirrhosis. We examined whether heterozygous Z allele (Pi*Z) carriers in United Kingdom (UK) Biobank, a population‐based cohort, are at increased risk of liver disease.

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