Role of toll‐like receptors in liver transplantation

Jessica Howell, Paul Gow, Peter Angus, Kumar Visvanathan – 15 November 2013 – Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are pathogen recognition receptors that orchestrate the innate immune response and the subsequent adaptive immune response. TLRs can be triggered by exogenous ligands expressed by invading pathogens or by the release of endogenous ligands, such as that occurring through cellular injury during the transplantation process.

Renoportal anastomosis for dual‐graft living donor liver transplantation using an artificial graft and a left renal vein–connected inferior vena cava cuff

Deok‐Bog Moon, Sung‐Gyu Lee, Jung‐Man Namkoong, Shin Hwang, Ki‐Hun Kim, Chul‐Soo Ahn, Tae‐Yong Ha, Gi‐Won Song, Dong‐Hwan Jung, Gil‐Chun Park, Yo‐Han Park, Hyung‐Woo Park, Bo‐Hyun Jung, Sung‐Hwa Kang – 15 November 2013

The 104‐week efficacy and safety of telbivudine‐based optimization strategy in chronic hepatitis B patients: A randomized, controlled study

Jian Sun, Qing Xie, Deming Tan, Qin Ning, Junqi Niu, Xuefan Bai, Rong Fan, Shijun Chen, Jun Cheng, Yanyan Yu, Hao Wang, Min Xu, Guangfeng Shi, Mobin Wan, Xinyue Chen, Hong Tang, Jifang Sheng, Xiaoguang Dou, Junping Shi, Hong Ren, Maorong Wang, Hongfei Zhang, Zhiliang Gao, Chengwei Chen, Hong Ma, Jidong Jia, Jinlin Hou – 14 November 2013 – An optimization strategy based on the Roadmap concept is supposed to improve the clinical outcomes of patients with suboptimal antiviral response. The aim of this study was to prove the concept with a multicenter, open‐label, randomized, controlled study.

Differential effects of sorafenib on liver versus tumor fibrosis mediated by stromal‐derived factor 1 alpha/C‐X‐C receptor type 4 axis and myeloid differentiation antigen–positive myeloid cell infiltration in mice

Yunching Chen, Yuhui Huang, Thomas Reiberger, Annique M. Duyverman, Peigen Huang, Rekha Samuel, Lotte Hiddingh, Sylvie Roberge, Christina Koppel, Gregory Y. Lauwers, Andrew X. Zhu, Rakesh K. Jain, Dan G. Duda – 14 November 2013 – Sorafenib—a broad kinase inhibitor—is a standard therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and has been shown to exert antifibrotic effects in liver cirrhosis, a precursor of HCC. However, the effects of sorafenib on tumor desmoplasia—and its consequences on treatment resistance—remain unknown.

T‐cell factor 4 and β‐catenin chromatin occupancies pattern zonal liver metabolism in mice

Angélique Gougelet, Cyril Torre, Philippe Veber, Chiara Sartor, Laura Bachelot, Pierre‐Damien Denechaud, Cécile Godard, Marthe Moldes, Anne‐Françoise Burnol, Céline Dubuquoy, Benoit Terris, François Guillonneau, Tao Ye, Michael Schwarz, Albert Braeuning, Christine Perret, Sabine Colnot – 9 November 2013 – β‐catenin signaling can be both a physiological and oncogenic pathway in the liver. It controls compartmentalized gene expression, allowing the liver to ensure its essential metabolic function.

Ribonucleotide reductase M2B inhibits cell migration and spreading by early growth response protein 1‐mediated phosphatase and tensin homolog/Akt1 pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma

Hua Tian, Chao Ge, Hong Li, Fangyu Zhao, Helei Hou, Taoyang Chen, Guoping Jiang, Haiyang Xie, Ying Cui, Ming Yao, Jinjun Li – 9 November 2013 – Ribonucleotide reductase (RR)M2B is an enzyme belonging to the ribonucleotide reductase enzyme family, which is essential for DNA synthesis and repair. RRM2B plays an important role in tumor progression and metastasis; however, little is known about the expression and underlying molecular mechanisms of RRM2B in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Inhibition of Niemann‐Pick‐type C1‐like1 by ezetimibe activates autophagy in human hepatocytes and reduces mutant α1‐antitrypsin Z deposition

Takeshi Yamamura, Yuki Ohsaki, Michitaka Suzuki, Yuki Shinohara, Tsuyako Tatematsu, Jinglei Cheng, Masato Okada, Naoki Ohmiya, Yoshiki Hirooka, Hidemi Goto, Toyoshi Fujimoto – 9 November 2013 – Autophagy can degrade aggregate‐prone proteins, but excessive autophagy can have adverse effects. It would be beneficial if autophagy could be enhanced in a cell type‐specific manner, but this has been difficult because the basic mechanism of autophagy is common.

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