Oncogene‐specific formation of chemoresistant murine hepatic cancer stem cells

Edward Kai‐Hua Chow, Ling‐ling Fan, Xin Chen, J. Michael Bishop – 13 April 2012 – At least some cancer stem cells (CSCs) display intrinsic drug resistance that may thwart eradication of a malignancy by chemotherapy. We explored the genesis of such resistance by studying mouse models of liver cancer driven by either MYC or the combination of oncogenic forms of activation of v‐akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog (AKT) and NRAS. A common manifestation of chemoresistance in CSCs is efflux of the DNA‐binding dye Hoechst 33342.

Serine protease hepsin regulates hepatocyte size and hemodynamic retention of tumor cells by hepatocyte growth factor signaling in mice

Yu‐Chen Hsu, Hsiang‐Po Huang, I‐Shing Yu, Kang‐Yi Su, Shu‐Rung Lin, Wei‐Chou Lin, Hua‐Lin Wu, Guey‐Yueh Shi, Mi‐Hua Tao, Cheng‐Heng Kao, Yao‐Ming Wu, Patricia E. Martin, Shih‐Yao Lin, Pan‐Chyr Yang, Shu‐Wha Lin – 13 April 2012 – The liver architecture plays an important role in maintaining hemodynamic balance, but the mechanisms that underlie this role are not fully understood. Hepsin, a type II transmembrane serine protease, is predominantly expressed in the liver, but has no known physiological functions. Here, we report that hemodynamic balance in the liver is regulated through hepsin.

Subset of Suz12/PRC2 target genes is activated during hepatitis B virus replication and liver carcinogenesis associated with HBV X protein

Leo L. Studach, Stephan Menne, Stefano Cairo, Marie Annick Buendia, Ronald L. Hullinger, Lydie Lefrançois, Philippe Merle, Ourania M. Andrisani – 13 April 2012 – Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major risk factor for developing liver cancer, and the HBV X protein (pX) has been implicated as a cofactor in hepatocyte transformation. We have shown that HBV replication as well as in vitro transformation by pX are associated with induction of the mitotic polo‐like kinase 1 (Plk1) and down‐regulation of the chromatin remodeling components Suz12 and Znf198.

Sustained telomere length in hepatocytes and cholangiocytes with increasing age in normal liver

Suman Verma, Phaedra Tachtatzis, Sue Penrhyn‐Lowe, Cinzia Scarpini, Diana Jurk, Thomas Von Zglinicki, Nick Coleman, Graeme J. M. Alexander – 13 April 2012 – Telomeres, a validated biomarker of aging, comprise multiple nucleotide repeats capping chromosomes that shorten with each cell cycle until a critical length is achieved, precipitating cell senescence.

The diagnosis and management of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: Practice Guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, American College of Gastroenterology, and the American Gastroenterological Association

The diagnosis and management of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: Practice Guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, American College of Gastroenterology, and the American Gastroenterological Association

Foxp3+ regulatory T cells protect the liver from immune damage and compromise virus control during acute experimental hepatitis B virus infection in mice

Leonhard Stross, Johannes Günther, Georg Gasteiger, Theresa Asen, Stefanie Graf, Michaela Aichler, Irene Esposito, Dirk H. Busch, Percy Knolle, Tim Sparwasser, Ulrike Protzer – 6 April 2012 – The strength of antiviral T cell responses correlates with clearance of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, but the immunological mechanisms mitigating or suppressing HBV‐specific T cells are still poorly understood. In this study, we examined the role of CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in a mouse model of acute HBV infection.

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