Juan Macías, Juan Berenguer, Miguel A. Japón, José A. Girón‐González, Antonio Rivero, Luis F. López‐Cortés, Ana Moreno, Manuel Márquez, José A. Iribarren, Enrique Ortega, Pilar Miralles, Nicolás Merchante, Juan A. Pineda – 16 April 2012 – Hepatic steatosis (HS) is frequent in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐ and hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐coinfected patients. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) and metabolic alterations could induce HS. However, a protective effect of ART has been reported in a paired biopsy study.

Nicolás Goldaracena, Michelle Mayer Wolf, Emilio Quiñonez, Margarita Anders, Ricardo Mastai, Lucas McCormack – 16 April 2012 – This is the first report presenting a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–positive patient with fulminant hepatic failure receiving a liver graft from a Chagas disease–seropositive deceased donor.

Christopher Savard, Erica V. Tartaglione, Rahul Kuver, W. Geoffrey Haigh, Geoffrey C. Farrell, Savitha Subramanian, Alan Chait, Matthew M. Yeh, LeBris S. Quinn, George N. Ioannou – 16 April 2012 – The majority of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have “simple steatosis,” which is defined by hepatic steatosis in the absence of substantial inflammation or fibrosis and is considered to be benign.

Salvatore Gruttadauria, Vishal Parikh, Duilio Pagano, Fabio Tuzzolino, Davide Cintorino, Roberto Miraglia, Marco Spada, Giovanbattista Vizzini, Angelo Luca, Bruno Gridelli – 14 April 2012 – Early liver regeneration was studied in a series of 70 patients who underwent right hepatectomy for living donation between November 2004 and January 2010. Liver regeneration was evaluated with multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) at a mean of 61.07 days after surgery.

Aaron M. Williams, Jonathan C. Hundley, Michael F. Daily, Malay B. Shah, James T. Lee, Roberto Gedaly – 14 April 2012

Muhammad Ali, Ashwin N. Ananthakrishnan, Shahryar Ahmad, Nilay Kumar, Gagan Kumar, Kia Saeian – 14 April 2012 – The incidence of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is increasing among hospitalized patients. Liver transplantation (LT) patients are at higher risk for acquiring CDI. Small, single‐center studies (but no nationwide analyses) have assessed this association. We used the Nationwide Inpatient Sample of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (2004‐2008) for this retrospective, cross‐sectional study.

Claudia O. Zein, Rocio Lopez, Xiaoming Fu, John P. Kirwan, Lisa M. Yerian, Arthur J. McCullough, Stanley L. Hazen, Ariel E. Feldstein – 13 April 2012 – Pentoxifylline (PTX) improved the histological features of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in a recent randomized placebo‐controlled trial. However, the underlying mechanism responsible for the beneficial effects of PTX in NASH remains unidentified. A key role of lipid oxidation in the pathogenesis and progression of NASH has been established. PTX is known to decrease free‐radical‐mediated oxidative stress and inhibit lipid oxidation.

Flavio G. Rocha, Hwajeong Lee, Nora Katabi, Ronald P. DeMatteo, Yuman Fong, Michael I. D'Angelica, Peter J. Allen, David S. Klimstra, William R. Jarnagin – 13 April 2012 – Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (IPNB) is a variant of bile duct carcinoma characterized by intraductal growth and better outcome compared with the more common nodular‐sclerosing type. IPNB is a recognized precursor of invasive carcinoma, but its pathogenesis and natural history are ill‐defined. This study examines the clinicopathologic features and outcomes of IPNB.

Yan Liang, Zaixing Yang, Renqian Zhong – 13 April 2012 – Several studies have indicated that primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) may be associated with increased risk of some cancers, but the results are controversial. We conducted a systematic review of studies to examine the association of PBC with cancer risk by meta‐analysis. We searched the PubMed and EMBASE databases for English‐language studies published before November 2011. Studies were included if they reported relative risk estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) or related data for the association between PBC and cancer risk.

Lucy Golden‐Mason, Amy E.L. Stone, Kiran M. Bambha, Linling Cheng, Hugo R. Rosen – 13 April 2012 – Major racial and gender differences have been documented in the natural history and treatment responses of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection; however, distinct mechanisms have remained enigmatic. We hypothesized that racial‐ and gender‐related differences in natural killer (NK) cell populations may explain altered natural history and treatment responses.