Prolonged hepatomegaly in mice that cannot inactivate bacterial endotoxin

Baomei Shao, Richard L. Kitchens, Robert S. Munford, Thomas E. Rogers, Don C. Rockey, Alan W. Varley – 14 June 2011 – Transient hepatomegaly often accompanies acute bacterial infections. Reversible, dose‐dependent hepatomegaly also occurs when animals are given intravenous infusions of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We found that recovery from LPS‐induced hepatomegaly requires a host enzyme, acyloxyacyl hydrolase (AOAH), that inactivates LPS.

Interleukin‐22 promotes human hepatocellular carcinoma by activation of STAT3

Runqiu Jiang, Zhongming Tan, Lei Deng, Yun Chen, Yongxiang Xia, Yun Gao, Xuehao Wang, Beicheng Sun – 14 June 2011 – Interleukin‐22 (IL‐22), one of the cytokines secreted by T helper 17 (Th17) cells, was recently reported to be a novel inflammation driver through STAT3 signaling activation. We aimed to investigate the role of IL‐22 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We demonstrated significant up‐regulation of IL‐22 in human HCC tumor infiltrated leukocytes (TILs) compared to peripheral lymphocytes.

Utility of serum immunoglobulin G4 in distinguishing immunoglobulin G4‐associated cholangitis from cholangiocarcinoma

Abdul M. Oseini, Roongruedee Chaiteerakij, Abdirashid M. Shire, Amaar Ghazale, Joseph Kaiya, Catherine D. Moser, Ileana Aderca, Teresa A. Mettler, Terry M. Therneau, Lizhi Zhang, Naoki Takahashi, Suresh T. Chari, Lewis R. Roberts – 14 June 2011 – Elevated serum immunoglobulin G4 (sIgG4) is a feature of autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) and IgG4‐associated cholangitis (IAC); a >2‐fold increase in sIgG4 is considered highly specific for these disorders.

Hypoxia‐inducible factor 1 alpha–activated angiopoietin‐like protein 4 contributes to tumor metastasis via vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1/integrin β1 signaling in human hepatocellular carcinoma

Hong Li, Chao Ge, Fangyu Zhao, Mingxia Yan, Chen Hu, Deshui Jia, Hua Tian, Miaoxin Zhu, Taoyang Chen, Guoping Jiang, Haiyang Xie, Ying Cui, Jianren Gu, Hong Tu, Xianghuo He, Ming Yao, Yongzhong Liu, Jinjun Li – 14 June 2011 – Angiopoietin‐like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) plays complex and often contradictory roles in vascular biology and tumor metastasis, but little is known about its function in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasis.

Response‐guided peg‐interferon plus ribavirin treatment duration in chronic hepatitis C: Meta‐analyses of randomized, controlled trials and implications for the future

Vincent Di Martino, Carine Richou, Jean‐Paul Cervoni, Jose M. Sanchez‐Tapias, Donald M. Jensen, Alessandra Mangia, Maria Buti, Frances Sheppard, Peter Ferenci, Thierry Thévenot – 14 June 2011 – Response‐guided pegylated interferon (peg‐IFN) plus ribavirin (P/R) therapy trials on genotype (G)1 and G2/G3 hepatitis C virus–infected patients provide contradictory results. We conducted meta‐analyses of randomized, controlled trials to address (1) the benefit of a 72‐week extended‐duration therapy in G1‐slow responders and (2) adequate shortened duration therapy in G1 and G2/G3‐rapid responders.

Both innate and adaptive immunity mediate protective immunity against hepatitis C virus infection in chimpanzees

Heidi Barth, Jolanta Rybczynska, Romuald Patient, Youkyung Choi, Ronda K. Sapp, Thomas F. Baumert, Kris Krawczynski, T. Jake Liang – 14 June 2011 – Understanding the immunological correlates associated with protective immunity following hepatitis C virus (HCV) reexposure is a prerequisite for the design of effective HCV vaccines and immunotherapeutics. In this study we performed a comprehensive analysis of innate and adaptive immunity following HCV reexposure of two chimpanzees that had previously recovered from HCV‐JFH1 infection.

Efficient production of Fah‐null heterozygote pigs by chimeric adeno‐associated virus‐mediated gene knockout and somatic cell nuclear transfer

Raymond D. Hickey, Joseph B. Lillegard, James E. Fisher, Travis J. McKenzie, Sean E. Hofherr, Milton J. Finegold, Scott L. Nyberg, Markus Grompe – 14 June 2011 – Hereditary tyrosinemia type I (HT1) results in hepatic failure, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) early in childhood and is caused by a deficiency in the enzyme fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH). In a novel approach we used the chimeric adeno‐associated virus DJ serotype (AAV‐DJ) and homologous recombination to target and disrupt the porcine Fah gene.

Does adiponectin benefit steatotic liver transplantation?

Maria Elias‐Miro, Marta Massip‐Salcedo, Monica Jimenez‐Castro, Carmen Peralta – 10 June 2011 – Strategies for improving the viability of steatotic donor livers could increase the number of organs suitable for transplantation. There is evidence that adiponectin, the most abundant adipose‐specific adipokine, acts as an anti‐obesity and anti‐inflammatory hormone. Here we review the signaling pathways of adiponectin and the possible therapies based on adiponectin regulation that have been examined or applied clinically.

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