Andre C. Kalil, Cezarina Mindru, Jean F. Botha, Wendy J. Grant, David F. Mercer, Marco A. Olivera, Megan A. McCartan, Timothy M. McCashland, Alan N. Langnas, Diana F. Florescu – 6 August 2012 – Valganciclovir (VGC) was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2004 as cytomegalovirus (CMV) prophylaxis except for liver transplant recipients because of their high incidence of CMV disease with this drug. However, surveys have shown its common off‐label use for CMV prophylaxis in liver transplant recipients.

Natasha Chandok, Kymberly D. Watt – 6 August 2012 – Recipients of liver transplantation (LT) have a higher overall risk (2‐3 times on average) of developing de novo malignancies than the general population, with standardized incidence ratios ranging from 1.0 for breast and prostate cancers to 3‐4 for colon cancer and up to 12 for esophageal and oropharyngeal cancers.

Andrea F. DiMartini, Mary Amanda Dew – 6 August 2012

Marion Maurel, Sandra Jalvy, Yannick Ladeiro, Chantal Combe, Laetitia Vachet, Francis Sagliocco, Paulette Bioulac‐Sage, Vincent Pitard, Hélène Jacquemin‐Sablon, Jessica Zucman‐Rossi, Benoît Laloo, Christophe F. Grosset – 3 August 2012 – Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the major primary liver cancer. Glypican‐3 (GPC3), one of the most abnormally expressed genes in HCC, participates in liver carcinogenesis.

Tzu‐Wei Wu, Hans Hsienhong Lin, Li‐Yu Wang – 1 August 2012 – Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global health issue. Universal infantile hepatitis B (HB) vaccination is very efficacious. However, HBV infections among those immunized subjects have been reported. The long‐term efficacy of postnatal passive‐active HB vaccination in high‐risk subjects is not well explored. A total of 8,733 senior high school students who were born after July 1987 were assayed for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibodies to HBsAg (anti‐HBs).

Heng Lin, Jun Yan, Ziyan Wang, Fang Hua, Jiaojiao Yu, Wei Sun, Ke Li, Hong Liu, Hongzhen Yang, Qi Lv, Jianfei Xue, Zhuo‐Wei Hu – 1 August 2012 – Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a complication at the endstage of chronic inflammatory liver diseases with dismal prognosis. Targeting of Toll‐like receptor (TLR) 2 attenuates tumor metastases; we hypothesized that blocking TLR2 might also play a crucial role in reducing hepatocarcinogenesis. Surprisingly, we found that the genetic deletion of TLR2 increased susceptibility to diethylnitrosamine (DEN), a genotoxic carcinogen that can induce HCC.

Xiaofeng Sun, Lihui Han, Pankaj Seth, Shu Bian, Linglin Li, Eva Csizmadia, Wolfgang G. Junger, Moritz Schmelzle, Anny Usheva, Elliot B. Tapper, Gyorgy Baffy, Vikas P. Sukhatme, Yan Wu, Simon C. Robson – 1 August 2012 – Liver cancer is associated with chronic inflammation, which is linked to immune dysregulation, disordered metabolism, and aberrant cell proliferation. Nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase‐1; (CD39/ENTPD1) is an ectonucleotidase that regulates extracellular nucleotide/nucleoside concentrations by scavenging nucleotides to ultimately generate adenosine.

Geoffrey W. McCaughan – 1 August 2012 – Key Points

Francesco D'Amico, Alessandro Vitale, Donatella Piovan, Alessandra Bertacco, Rafael Ramirez Morales, Anna Chiara Frigo, Domenico Bassi, Pasquale Bonsignore, Enrico Gringeri, Michele Valmasoni, Greta Garbo, Enrico Lodo, Francesco Enrico D'Amico, Michele Scopelliti, Amedeo Carraro, Martina Gambato, Alberto Brolese, Giacomo Zanus, Daniele Neri, Umberto Cillo – 1 August 2012 – Antioxidant agents have the potential to reduce ischemia/reperfusion damage to organs for liver transplantation (LT).

Mary Ann Simpson, Elizabeth A. Pomfret – 1 August 2012 – Key Points