Christian D. Fingas, Steven F. Bronk, Nathan W. Werneburg, Justin L. Mott, Maria E. Guicciardi, Sophie C. Cazanave, Joachim C. Mertens, Alphonse E. Sirica, Gregory J. Gores – 2 December 2011 – Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cells paradoxically express the death ligand, tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL) and, therefore, are dependent upon potent survival signals to circumvent TRAIL cytotoxicity. CCAs are also highly desmoplastic cancers with a tumor microenvironment rich in myofibroblasts (MFBs). Herein, we examine a role for MFB‐derived CCA survival signals.

Korosh Khalili, Tae Kyoung Kim, Hyun‐Jung Jang, Leyla Kochak Yazdi, Maha Guindi, Morris Sherman – 2 December 2011 – In the latest hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) management guidelines by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, biopsy is advocated for all nodules deemed indeterminate after imaging work‐up by contrast‐enhanced scans. However, the latest guidelines' imaging work‐up algorithm has been shown to improve sensitivity of characterization of HCC for 1‐2‐cm nodules, decreasing the proportion of HCCs that remain indeterminate after imaging work‐up.

Xin Zeng, Yong Lin, Chuan Yin, Xin Zhang, Bei‐Fang Ning, Qing Zhang, Jun‐Ping Zhang, Lei Qiu, Xiao‐Ran Qin, Yue‐Xiang Chen, Wei‐Fen Xie – 2 December 2011 – Hepatocyte nuclear factor‐1alpha (HNF1α) is one of the key transcription factors of the HNF family, which plays a critical role in hepatocyte differentiation. Substantial evidence has suggested that down‐regulation of HNF1α may contribute to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Herein, human cancer cells and tumor‐associated fibroblasts (TAFs) were isolated from human HCC tissues, respectively.

Jordi Bruix, Maria Reig, Jordi Rimola, Alejandro Forner, Marta Burrel, Ramón Vilana, Carmen Ayuso – 2 December 2011

2 December 2011

Massimo Iavarone, Giuseppe Cabibbo, Fabio Piscaglia, Claudio Zavaglia, Antonio Grieco, Erica Villa, Calogero Cammà, Massimo Colombo, on behalf of the SOFIA (SOraFenib Italian Assessment) study group – 2 December 2011 – A multicenter randomized controlled trial established sorafenib as a standard of care for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Because the study was prematurely interrupted due to survival benefits in the sorafenib arm, we conducted an observational study to adequately assess risks and benefits of this regimen in field practice.

2 December 2011

Jasmohan S. Bajaj, Steven D. Pinkerton, Arun J. Sanyal, Douglas M. Heuman – 2 December 2011 – Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) in cirrhosis is associated with impaired driving skills and increased risk of motor vehicle accidents (MVAs). Detection and treatment of MHE has the potential to reduce costs and morbidity associated with MVAs. We conducted a cost‐effectiveness analysis to assess the benefits of different strategies of MHE diagnosis and treatment for reducing MVA‐related societal costs.

Chia‐Hsuin Chang, Jou‐Wei Lin, Li‐Chiu Wu, Mei‐Shu Lai, Lee‐Ming Chuang, K. Arnold Chan – 2 December 2011 – The objective of this nationwide case‐control study was to evaluate the risk of specific malignancy in diabetic patients who received thiazolidinediones (TZDs). A total of 606,583 type 2 diabetic patients, age 30 years and above, without a history of cancer were identified from the Taiwan National Health Insurance claims database during the period between January 1 2000 and December 31 2000.

Qinglong Jin, Yuki Moritoki, Ana Lleo, Koichi Tsuneyama, Pietro Invernizzi, Hitoshi Moritoki, Kentaro Kikuchi, Zhe‐Xiong Lian, Gideon M. Hirschfield, Aftab A. Ansari, Ross L. Coppel, M. Eric Gershwin, Junqi Niu – 2 December 2011 – Substantial evidence supports dysregulated B‐cell immune responses in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), including the presence of serum antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs).