Electrostatic modifications of the human leukocyte antigen‐DR P9 peptide‐binding pocket and susceptibility to primary sclerosing cholangitis

Johannes R. Hov, Vasilis Kosmoliaptsis, James A. Traherne, Marita Olsson, Kirsten M. Boberg, Annika Bergquist, Erik Schrumpf, J. Andrew Bradley, Craig J. Taylor, Benedicte A. Lie, John Trowsdale, Tom H. Karlsen – 16 March 2011 – The strongest genetic risk factors for primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) are found in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex at chromosome 6p21. Genes in the HLA class II region encode molecules that present antigen to T lymphocytes.

Spectrum of early‐onset and late‐onset bacteremias after liver transplantation: Implications for management

Sang‐Oh Lee, Seung H. Kang, Rima C. Abdel‐Massih, Robert A. Brown, Raymund R. Razonable – 15 March 2011 – Bacteremia is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality after liver transplantation. The characterization of the microbiological spectrum of bacteremia after liver transplantation may help physicians in choosing the initial empirical antimicrobial therapy for patients presenting with sepsis. The clinical and microbiology records of patients who received liver transplantation from January 1997 to March 2006 were reviewed.

Pancreatic‐derived factor promotes lipogenesis in the mouse liver: Role of the Forkhead box 1 signaling pathway

Jing Li, Yujing Chi, Chunjiong Wang, Jing Wu, Hang Yang, Dongjuan Zhang, Yi Zhu, Nanping Wang, Jichun Yang, Youfei Guan – 15 March 2011 – Pancreatic‐derived factor (PANDER) is a pancreatic islet‐specific cytokine that cosecretes with insulin and is important for β cell function. Here, we show that PANDER is constitutively expressed in hepatocytes, and its expression is significantly increased in steatotic livers of diabetic insulin‐resistant db/db mice and mice fed a high‐fat diet.

A classification of ductal plate malformations based on distinct pathogenic mechanisms of biliary dysmorphogenesis

Peggy Raynaud, Joshua Tate, Céline Callens, Sabine Cordi, Patrick Vandersmissen, Rodolphe Carpentier, Christine Sempoux, Olivier Devuyst, Christophe E. Pierreux, Pierre Courtoy, Karin Dahan, Katty Delbecque, Sébastien Lepreux, Marco Pontoglio, Lisa M. Guay‐Woodford, Frédéric P. Lemaigre – 9 March 2011 – Ductal plate malformations (DPMs) are developmental anomalies considered to result from lack of ductal plate remodeling during bile duct morphogenesis.

Liver receptor homolog‐1 is critical for adequate up‐regulation of Cyp7a1 gene transcription and bile salt synthesis during bile salt sequestration

Carolien Out, Jurre Hageman, Vincent W. Bloks, Han Gerrits, Maarten D. Sollewijn Gelpke, Trijnie Bos, Rick Havinga, Martin J. Smit, Folkert Kuipers, Albert K. Groen – 9 March 2011 – Liver receptor homolog‐1 (LRH‐1) is a nuclear receptor that controls a variety of metabolic pathways. In cultured cells, LRH‐1 induces the expression of CYP7A1 and CYP8B1, key enzymes in bile salt synthesis. However, hepatic Cyp7a1 mRNA levels were not reduced upon hepatocyte‐specific Lrh‐1 deletion in mice. The reason for this apparent paradox has remained elusive.

Antitumor effects of OSU‐2S, a nonimmunosuppressive analogue of FTY720, in hepatocellular carcinoma

Hany A. Omar, Chih‐Chien Chou, Lisa D. Berman‐Booty, Yihui Ma, Jui‐Hsiang Hung, Dasheng Wang, Takayuki Kogure, Tushar Patel, Luigi Terracciano, Natarajan Muthusamy, John C. Byrd, Samuel K. Kulp, Ching‐Shih Chen – 9 March 2011 – Accumulating evidence suggests the therapeutic potential of the immunosuppressive agent FTY720 (fingolimod) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Novel roles of galectin‐1 in hepatocellular carcinoma cell adhesion, polarization, and in vivo tumor growth

María V. Espelt, Diego O. Croci, María L. Bacigalupo, Pablo Carabias, Malena Manzi, María T. Elola, Marina C. Muñoz, Fernando P. Dominici, Carlota Wolfenstein‐Todel, Gabriel A. Rabinovich, María F. Troncoso – 9 March 2011 – Galectin‐1 (Gal‐1), a widely expressed β‐galactoside–binding protein, exerts pleiotropic biological functions. Gal‐1 is up‐regulated in hepatocarcinoma cells, although its role in liver pathophysiology remains uncertain. We investigated the effects of Gal‐1 on HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell adhesion and polarization.

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