Hepatocyte‐specific hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α is a determinant of lipid accumulation and liver injury in alcohol‐induced steatosis in mice

Bharath Nath, Ivan Levin, Timea Csak, Jan Petrasek, Christian Mueller, Karen Kodys, Donna Catalano, Pranoti Mandrekar, Gyongyi Szabo – 3 March 2011 – Chronic alcohol causes hepatic steatosis and liver hypoxia. Hypoxia‐regulated hypoxia‐inducible factor 1‐α, (HIF‐1α) may regulate liporegulatory genes, but the relationship of HIF‐1 to steatosis remains unknown. We investigated HIF‐1α in alcohol‐induced hepatic lipid accumulation.

Treatment failure and resistance with direct‐acting antiviral drugs against hepatitis C virus

Jean‐Michel Pawlotsky – 3 March 2011 – Current treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is based on the combination of pegylated interferon‐α and ribavirin. The recent development of direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) molecules that are active on HCV, together with in vitro and in vivo studies showing that these drugs may lead to the selection of resistant viruses if administered alone, has raised concerns that resistance may undermine therapy based on DAAs.

Hepatic differentiation of amniotic epithelial cells

Fabio Marongiu, Roberto Gramignoli, Kenneth Dorko, Toshio Miki, Aarati R. Ranade, Maria Paola Serra, Silvia Doratiotto, Marcella Sini, Shringi Sharma, Keitaro Mitamura, Tiffany L. Sellaro, Veysel Tahan, Kristen J. Skvorak, Ewa C. S. Ellis, Stephen F. Badylak, Julio C. Davila, Ronald Hines, Ezio Laconi, Stephen C. Strom – 3 March 2011 – Hepatocyte transplantation to treat liver disease is largely limited by the availability of useful cells.

Pathologic criteria for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: Interprotocol agreement and ability to predict liver‐related mortality

Zobair M. Younossi, Maria Stepanova, Nila Rafiq, Hala Makhlouf, Zahra Younoszai, Ritambhara Agrawal, Zachary Goodman – 28 February 2011 – Since the initial description of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), several sets of pathologic criteria for its diagnosis have been proposed. However, their interprotocol agreement and ability to predict long‐term liver‐related mortality (LRM) have not been demonstrated. In this study, we examined patients with biopsy‐proven nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) for whom liver biopsy slides and clinical and mortality data were available.

Hepatic autophagy mediates endoplasmic reticulum stress–induced degradation of misfolded apolipoprotein B

Wei Qiu, Jing Zhang, Mark J. Dekker, Huajin Wang, Ju Huang, John H. Brumell, Khosrow Adeli – 28 February 2011 – Induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was previously shown to impair hepatic apolipoprotein B100 (apoB) production by enhancing cotranslational and posttranslational degradation of newly synthesized apoB. Here, we report the involvement of autophagy in ER stress–induced degradation of apoB and provide evidence for a significant role of autophagy in regulating apoB biogenesis in primary hepatocyte systems.

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