Parenchymal expression of CD40 exacerbates adenovirus‐induced hepatitis in mice

Jiabin Yan, Zuliang Jie, Lifei Hou, Joao L. Wanderley, Lynn Soong, Shalini Gupta, Suimin Qiu, Tehsheng Chan, Jiaren Sun – 28 February 2011 – The healthy adult human liver expresses low levels of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) and undetectable levels of immune costimulatory molecules. However, high levels of MHC II, CD40, and B7 family molecules are expressed in the activated Kupffer cells and hepatocytes of patients with viral hepatitis. The precise role of these molecules in viral clearance and immune‐mediated liver injury is not well understood.

Hepatic autophagy mediates endoplasmic reticulum stress–induced degradation of misfolded apolipoprotein B

Wei Qiu, Jing Zhang, Mark J. Dekker, Huajin Wang, Ju Huang, John H. Brumell, Khosrow Adeli – 28 February 2011 – Induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was previously shown to impair hepatic apolipoprotein B100 (apoB) production by enhancing cotranslational and posttranslational degradation of newly synthesized apoB. Here, we report the involvement of autophagy in ER stress–induced degradation of apoB and provide evidence for a significant role of autophagy in regulating apoB biogenesis in primary hepatocyte systems.

Pathologic criteria for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: Interprotocol agreement and ability to predict liver‐related mortality

Zobair M. Younossi, Maria Stepanova, Nila Rafiq, Hala Makhlouf, Zahra Younoszai, Ritambhara Agrawal, Zachary Goodman – 28 February 2011 – Since the initial description of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), several sets of pathologic criteria for its diagnosis have been proposed. However, their interprotocol agreement and ability to predict long‐term liver‐related mortality (LRM) have not been demonstrated. In this study, we examined patients with biopsy‐proven nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) for whom liver biopsy slides and clinical and mortality data were available.

Role of the coinhibitory receptor cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen‐4 on apoptosis‐Prone CD8 T cells in persistent hepatitis B virus infection

Anna Schurich, Pooja Khanna, A. Ross Lopes, Ki Jun Han, Dimitra Peppa, Lorenzo Micco, Gaia Nebbia, Patrick T.F. Kennedy, Anna‐Maria Geretti, Geoffrey Dusheiko, Mala K. Maini – 25 February 2011 – An excess of coinhibitory signals has been proposed to drive the T‐cell exhaustion characteristic of persistent viral infections. In this study we examined the contribution of the coinhibitory receptor cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen‐4 (CTLA‐4) to CD8 T cell tolerance in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (CHB).

Reply

William Sievert, Gregory J. Dore, Stuart K. Roberts, On behalf of the CHARIOT Study Group – 25 February 2011

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