David Y. Zhang, Scott L. Friedman – 1 March 2012 – Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a rising worldwide cause of cancer mortality, making the elucidation of its underlying mechanisms an urgent priority. The liver is unique in its response to injury, simultaneously undergoing regeneration and fibrosis. HCC occurs in the context of these two divergent responses, leading to distinctive pathways of carcinogenesis. In this review we highlight pathways of liver tumorigenesis that depend on, or are enhanced by, fibrosis.

Jimmy K. Stauffer, Anthony J. Scarzello, Qun Jiang, Robert H. Wiltrout – 1 March 2012 – Sustained hepatic inflammation, driven by alcohol consumption, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and/or chronic viral hepatitis (hepatitis B and C), results in damage to parenchyma, oxidative stress, and compensatory regeneration/proliferation. There is substantial evidence linking these inflammation‐associated events with the increased incidence of hepatocellular carcinogenesis.

Yao‐Chun Hsu, Jaw‐Town Lin, Tzu‐Ting Chen, Ming‐Shiang Wu, Chun‐Ying Wu – 1 March 2012 – Peptic ulcer bleeding leads to substantial morbidity and mortality in patients with liver cirrhosis, but their long‐term risk of recurrent bleeding remains elusive. This nationwide cohort study aimed to elucidate the association between cirrhosis and recurrent peptic ulcer bleeding by analyzing the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database.

David A. Axelrod, Alan Reed – 29 February 2012

Ananya Pongpaibul, Robert S. Venick, Sue V. McDiarmid, Charles R. Lassman – 29 February 2012 – De novo autoimmune hepatitis (DAIH) is a well‐recognized complication of pediatric liver transplantation (LT). The diagnosis is largely based on elevated liver function test results and the development of autoimmune antibodies. The histology of DAIH was first described in 1998. We present detailed histological data from the largest series to date of pretreatment and posttreatment biopsy samples from pediatric LT patients with DAIH.

Rodrigo Liberal, Charlotte R. Grant, Beth S. Holder, Yun Ma, Giorgina Mieli‐Vergani, Diego Vergani, Maria Serena Longhi – 28 February 2012 – In autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), liver‐damaging CD4 T cell responses are associated with defective CD4posCD25pos regulatory T cells (T‐regs). Galectin‐9 (Gal9), a β‐galactosidase–binding protein expressed by T‐regs, is key to their function, inhibiting T helper 1 immune responses by binding T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (Tim‐3) on CD4 effector cells.

Ian A. Rowe, Richard Parker, Matthew J. Armstrong, Diarmaid D. Houlihan, David J. Mutimer – 28 February 2012 – Hepatitis A virus (HAV) superinfection in persons with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been associated with a high mortality rate, and vaccination is recommended. The incidence of HAV is low, and the aim of this study was to determine the mortality risk of HAV superinfection and the consequences of routine vaccination in persons with HCV infection.

Gong‐Hao He, Gui‐Li Xu, Wen‐Ke Cai, Wei Xia – 28 February 2012

Heather Francis – 28 February 2012

Robert P. Myers – 28 February 2012