Sorafenib suppresses postsurgical recurrence and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma in an orthotopic mouse model

Yu‐Xiong Feng, Tao Wang, Yue‐Zhen Deng, Pengyuan Yang, Jing‐Jing Li, Dong‐Xian Guan, Fan Yao, Yin‐Qiu Zhu, Ying Qin, Hui Wang, Nan Li, Meng‐Chao Wu, Hong‐Yang Wang, Xiao‐Fan Wang, Shu‐Qun Cheng, Dong Xie – 12 November 2010 – Surgical resection is the first‐line treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with well‐preserved liver function. Nevertheless, the rate of postoperative recurrence at 5 years is as high as 70%, and this gravely jeopardizes the therapeutic outcome. Clearly, new approaches are needed for preventing the relapse of this deadly disease.

Dissociation between APOC3 variants, hepatic triglyceride content and insulin resistance

Julia Kozlitina, Eric Boerwinkle, Jonathan C. Cohen, Helen H. Hobbs – 12 November 2010 – Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an escalating health problem that is frequently associated with obesity and insulin resistance. The mechanistic relationship between NAFLD, obesity, and insulin resistance is not well understood.

Effect of immune pressure on hepatitis C virus evolution: Insights from a single‐source outbreak

Shahzma Merani, Danijela Petrovic, Ian James, Abha Chopra, Don Cooper, Elizabeth Freitas, Andri Rauch, Julia di Iulio, Mina John, Michaela Lucas, Karen Fitzmaurice, Susan McKiernan, Suzanne Norris, Dermot Kelleher, Paul Klenerman, Silvana Gaudieri – 12 November 2010 – The host's immune response to hepatitis C virus (HCV) can result in the selection of characteristic mutations (adaptations) that enable the virus to escape this response.

Inosine triphosphatase genetic variants are protective against anemia during antiviral therapy for HCV2/3 but do not decrease dose reductions of RBV or increase SVR

Alexander J. Thompson, Rosanna Santoro, Valeria Piazzolla, Paul J. Clark, Susanna Naggie, Hans L. Tillmann, Keyur Patel, Andrew J. Muir, Kevin V. Shianna, Leonardo Mottola, Daniela Petruzzellis, Mario Romano, Fernando Sogari, Domenico Facciorusso, David B. Goldstein, John G. McHutchison, Alessandra Mangia – 12 November 2010 – Two functional variants in the inosine triphosphatase (ITPA) gene causing inosine triphosphatase (ITPase) deficiency protect against ribavirin (RBV)‐induced hemolytic anemia and the need for RBV dose reduction in patients with genotype 1 hepatitis C virus (HCV).

Interleukin‐28B polymorphisms are associated with histological recurrence and treatment response following liver transplantation in patients with hepatitis C virus infection

Michael R. Charlton, Alexander Thompson, Bart J. Veldt, Kym Watt, Hans Tillmann, John J. Poterucha, Julie K. Heimbach, David Goldstein, John McHutchison – 12 November 2010 – Polymorphism in the interleukin‐28B (IL28B) gene region, encoding interferon (IFN)‐λ3, is strongly predictive of response to antiviral treatment in the nontransplant setting. We sought to determine the prevalence and impact on clinical outcomes of donor and recipient IL28B genotypes among liver transplant recipients.

Knockdown of autophagy enhances the innate immune response in hepatitis C virus–infected hepatocytes

Shubham Shrivastava, Amit Raychoudhuri, Robert Steele, Ranjit Ray, Ratna B. Ray – 12 November 2010 – The role of autophagy in disease pathogenesis following viral infection is beginning to be elucidated. We have previously reported that hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in hepatocytes induces autophagy. However, the biological significance of HCV‐induced autophagy has not been clarified. Autophagy has recently been identified as a novel component of the innate immune system against viral infection.

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