Mustafa Ates, Abuzer Dirican, Dincer Ozgor, Cemalettin Aydin, Burak Isik, Cengiz Ara, Mehmet Yilmaz, M. Ayse Selimoglu, Cuneyt Kayaalp, Sezai Yilmaz – 14 July 2011 – Yellow phosphorus is a protoplasmic toxicant that targets the liver. The ingestion of fireworks containing yellow phosphorus, either by children who accidentally consume them or by adults who are attempting suicide, often results in death due to acute liver failure (ALF). We present the outcomes of 10 children who ingested fireworks containing yellow phosphorus.

Josh Levitsky – 14 July 2011 – Key Points

Michela Giusto, Maria Rodriguez, Laia Navarro, Angel Rubin, Victoria Aguilera, Fernando San‐Juan, Cecilia Ortiz, Rafael López‐Andujar, Martín Prieto, Marina Berenguer – 14 July 2011 – In the immunocompetent setting, antiviral therapy–related anemia has recently been shown to be associated with a sustained virological response (SVR). Our goal was to assess whether this is also true for liver transplantation (LT).

K. Raj Prasad, Richard S. Young, Patrizia Burra, Shu‐Sen Zheng, Vincenzo Mazzaferro, Duk Bog Moon, Richard B. Freeman – 11 July 2011

Emma A. Kruglov, Samir Gautam, Mateus T. Guerra, Michael H. Nathanson – 11 July 2011 – Bile salt secretion is mediated primarily by the bile salt export pump (Bsep), a transporter on the canalicular membrane of the hepatocyte. However, little is known about the short‐term regulation of Bsep activity. Ca2+ regulates targeting and insertion of transporters in many cell systems, and Ca2+ release near the canalicular membrane is mediated by the type II inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate receptor (InsP3R2), so we investigated the possible role of InsP3R2 in modulating Bsep activity.

Liang Li, Lei Chen, Liang Hu, Yuan Liu, Han‐Yong Sun, Jing Tang, Yu‐Jie Hou, Yan‐Xin Chang, Qian‐Qian Tu, Gen‐Sheng Feng, Feng Shen, Meng‐Chao Wu, Hong‐Yang Wang – 11 July 2011 – One of the challenges surrounding nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is to discover the mechanisms that underlie the initiation of it. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the effects of Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling in liver parenchymal cells during the early stage of NAFLD.

Jay A. Fishman – 11 July 2011 – Key Points

Anna Baghdasaryan, Thierry Claudel, Judith Gumhold, Dagmar Silbert, Luciano Adorini, Aldo Roda, Stefania Vecchiotti, Frank J. Gonzalez, Kristina Schoonjans, Mario Strazzabosco, Peter Fickert, Michael Trauner – 11 July 2011 – Chronic cholangiopathies have limited therapeutic options and represent an important indication for liver transplantation. The nuclear farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and the membrane G protein‐coupled receptor, TGR5, regulate bile acid (BA) homeostasis and inflammation.

Philip J. Starkey Lewis, James Dear, Vivien Platt, Kenneth J. Simpson, Darren G.N. Craig, Daniel J. Antoine, Neil S. French, Neeraj Dhaun, David J. Webb, Eithne M. Costello, John P. Neoptolemos, Jonathan Moggs, Chris E. Goldring, B. Kevin Park – 11 July 2011 – New biomarkers of liver injury are required in the clinic and in preclinical pharmaceutical evaluation. Previous studies demonstrate that two liver‐enriched microRNAs (miR‐122 and miR‐192) are promising biomarkers of acetaminophen‐induced acute liver injury (APAP‐ALI) in mice.

Mary E. Rinella, M. Shaddab Siddiqui, Konstantina Gardikiotes, Jeanne Gottstein, Marc Elias, Richard M. Green – 11 July 2011 – In humans with nonalcoholic fatty liver, diabetes is associated with more advanced disease. We have previously shown that diabetic db/db mice are highly susceptible to methionine choline‐deficient diet (MCD)‐induced hepatic injury.