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Marco Antonio Montes‐Cano, José Raúl García‐Lozano, Cristina Abad‐Molina, Fuensanta Torrecillas, Almudena Torres, Luis Felipe Lopez‐Cortes, Antonio Núñez‐Roldán, María Francisca González‐Escribano – 4 November 2010

Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: The impact of human immunodeficiency virus infection

Eric Vibert, Jean‐Charles Duclos‐Vallée, Maria‐Rosa Ghigna, Emir Hoti, Chady Salloum, Catherine Guettier, Denis Castaing, Didier Samuel, René Adam – 4 November 2010 – Liver transplantation (LT) has become an accepted therapy for end‐stage liver disease in human immunodeficiency virus–positive (HIV+) patients, but the specific results of LT for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are unknown. Between 2003 and 2008, 21 HIV+ patients and 65 HIV− patients with HCC were listed for LT at a single institution. Patient characteristics and pathological features were analyzed.

Secular trend of the viral genotype distribution in children with chronic hepatitis B virus infection after universal infant immunization

Wan‐Hsin Wen, Huey‐Ling Chen, Yen‐Hsuan Ni, Hong‐Yuan Hsu, Jia‐Horng Kao, Fu‐Chang Hu, Mei‐Hwei Chang – 4 November 2010 – Genotypes B and C are the major hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes in Taiwan, and genotype C is associated with more severe liver disease than genotype B. Whether the implementation of the hepatitis B immunization program has affected the secular trend of the HBV genotype distribution remains unknown.

Hepatocyte nuclear factor‐4 alpha regulates liver triglyceride metabolism in part through secreted phospholipase A2 GXIIB

Min Guan, Linbing Qu, Wenjuan Tan, Ling Chen, Chi‐Wai Wong – 4 November 2010 – Hepatocyte nuclear factor‐4 alpha (HNF‐4α) is an important transcription factor governing the expression of genes involved in multiple metabolic pathways. Secreted phospholipase A2 GXIIB (PLA2GXIIB) is an atypical member of a class of secreted phospholipases A2. We establish in this study that PLA2GXIIB is an HNF‐4α target gene. We demonstrate that HNF‐4α binds to a response element on the PLA2GXIIB promoter. Moreover, HNF‐4α agonists induce PLA2GXIIB expression in human hepatocarcinoma cells.

Unrecognized acetaminophen toxicity as a cause of indeterminate acute liver failure

Niraj Khandelwal, Laura P. James, Corron Sanders, Anne M. Larson, William M. Lee, and the Acute Liver Failure Study Group – 4 November 2010 – Despite extensive investigations, the cause of liver injury in 14% of patients with acute liver failure remains unknown (indeterminate). In a pilot study using a novel assay, highly specific acetaminophen‐cysteine adducts were detected in 7 of 36 indeterminate patients (19%).

Adiponectin antagonizes the oncogenic actions of leptin in hepatocellular carcinogenesis

Dipali Sharma, Jason Wang, Ping P. Fu, Shvetank Sharma, Arumugam Nagalingam, Jamie Mells, Jeffrey Handy, Andrew J. Page, Cynthia Cohen, Frank A. Anania, Neeraj K. Saxena – 29 October 2010 – Obesity is rapidly becoming a pandemic and is associated with increased carcinogenesis. Obese populations have higher circulating levels of leptin in contrast to low concentrations of adiponectin. Hence, it is important to evaluate the dynamic role between adiponectin and leptin in obesity‐related carcinogenesis.

Liver‐specific suppressor of cytokine signaling‐3 deletion in mice enhances hepatic insulin sensitivity and lipogenesis resulting in fatty liver and obesity1

Nirupa Sachithanandan, Barbara C. Fam, Stacey Fynch, Nicolas Dzamko, Matthew J. Watt, Sam Wormald, Jane Honeyman, Sandra Galic, Joseph Proietto, Sofianos Andrikopoulos, Andrea L. Hevener, Thomas W.H. Kay, Gregory R. Steinberg – 29 October 2010 – Obesity is associated with chronic inflammation and contributes to the development of insulin resistance and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The suppressor of cytokine signaling‐3 (SOCS3) protein is increased in inflammation and is thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of insulin resistance by inhibiting insulin and leptin signaling.

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