Patrick Bertolino, Arnhild Schrage, David G. Bowen, Katja Klugewitz, Saeed Ghani, Katharina Eulenburg, Lauren Holz, Nancy Hogg, Geoffrey W. McCaughan, Alf Hamann – 25 October 2005 – We have previously shown that naïve CD8+ T cells recognizing their cognate antigen within the liver are retained and undergo activation in situ, independent from lymphoid tissues. Intrahepatic primary T cell activation results in apoptosis and may play a crucial role in the ability of the liver to induce tolerance.

Elisabetta Bugianesi, Arthur J. McCullough, Giulio Marchesini – 25 October 2005 – Insulin resistance (IR) is the pathophysiological hallmark of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease in Western countries. We review the definition of IR, the methods for the quantitative assessment of insulin action, the pathophysiology of IR, and the role of IR in the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease.

Torsten Wuestefeld, Christian Klein, Konrad L. Streetz, Naiara Beraza, Jürgen Schölmerich, Lawrence J. Burgart, Lars Zender, Stefan Kubicka, Gregory J. Gores, Michael P. Manns, Christian Trautwein – 25 October 2005 – Chronic cholestasis is associated with increased bacterial infections and sepsis resulting in higher mortality in humans. In the current study, we investigated the relevance of gp130‐dependent pathways after bile duct ligation (BDL). BDL was performed in conditional gp130 knockout (loxP/Cre system) mice and respective controls.

Burton Combes, Scott S. Emerson, Nancy L. Flye, Santiago J. Munoz, Velimir A. Luketic, Marlyn J. Mayo, Timothy M. McCashland, Rowen K. Zetterman, Marion G. Peters, Adrian M. Di Bisceglie, Kent G. Benner, Kris V. Kowdley, Robert L. Carithers, Leonard Rosoff, Guadalupe Garcia‐Tsao, James L. Boyer, Thomas D. Boyer, Enrique J. Martinez, Nathan M. Bass, John R. Lake, David S. Barnes, Maurizio Bonacini, Karen L. Lindsay, A. Scott Mills, Rodney S. Markin, Raphael Rubin, A. Brian West, Donald E. Wheeler, Melissa J. Contos, Alan F.

Amedeo Columbano, Giovanna M. Ledda‐Columbano, Monica Pibiri, Costanza Cossu, Marta Menegazzi, David D. Moore, Wendong Huang, Jianmin Tian, Joseph Locker – 25 October 2005 – We previously observed that Gadd45β/MyD118, a member of the Gadd45 family of inducible factors, showed the strongest immediate‐early induction common to two distinctive proliferation responses of the liver: (1) regeneration induced by surgical partial hepatectomy and (2) hyperplasia induced by the primary mitogen TCPOBOP, a ligand of the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR).

Jordi Bruix, Morris Sherman – 25 October 2005

Jordan Feld, E. Jenny Heathcote – 25 October 2005

Christine L. Powell, Oksana Kosyk, Blair U. Bradford, Joel S. Parker, Edward K. Lobenhofer, Ayumi Denda, Fumiyuki Uematsu, Dai Nakae, Ivan Rusyn – 25 October 2005 – Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the terminal event in chronic liver diseases with repeated cycles of cellular injury and regeneration. Although much is known about the cellular pathogenesis and etiological agents leading to HCC, the molecular events are not well understood.

Hongtao Wang, Bhupinder P.S. Vohra, Yan Zhang, Robert O. Heuckeroth – 25 October 2005 – Extrahepatic cholestasis leads to complex injury and repair processes that result in bile infarct formation, neutrophil infiltration, cholangiocyte and hepatocyte proliferation, extracellular matrix remodeling, and fibrosis. To identify early molecular mechanisms of injury and repair after bile duct obstruction, microarray analysis was performed on liver tissue 24 hours after bile duct ligation (BDL) or sham surgery.

Masataka Tsuge, Nobuhiko Hiraga, Hideki Takaishi, Chiemi Noguchi, Hiromi Oga, Michio Imamura, Shoichi Takahashi, Eiji Iwao, Yoshifumi Fujimoto, Hidenori Ochi, Kazuaki Chayama, Chise Tateno, Katsutoshi Yoshizato – 25 October 2005 – Studies of hepatitis B virus (HBV) mutants have been hampered by the lack of a small animal model with long‐term infection of cloned HBV. Using a mouse model in which liver cells were highly replaced with human hepatocytes that survived over a long time with mature human hepatocyte function, we performed transmission experiments of HBV.