Taurine up‐regulated gene 1 functions as a master regulator to coordinate glycolysis and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma

Yang‐Hsiang Lin, Meng‐Han Wu, Ya‐Hui Huang, Chau‐Ting Yeh, Mei‐Ling Cheng, Hsiang‐Cheng Chi, Chung‐Ying Tsai, I‐Hsiao Chung, Ching‐Ying Chen, Kwang‐Huei Lin – 12 August 2017 – Cancer cells display altered glucose metabolism characterized by a preference for aerobic glycolysis. The aerobic glycolytic phenotype of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is often correlated with tumor progression and poorer clinical outcomes. However, the issue of whether glycolytic metabolism influences metastasis in HCC remains unclear.

Hepatitis B Virus Pregenomic RNA in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Nosological and Prognostic Determinant

Boris Halgand, Christophe Desterke, Lise Rivière, Guillaume Fallot, Mylène Sebagh, Julien Calderaro, Paulette Bioulac‐Sage, Christine Neuveut, Marie‐Annick Buendia, Didier Samuel, Cyrille Féray – 12 August 2017 – Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, very little is known about the replication of HBV in HCC tissues. We analyzed viral and cellular parameters in HCC (T) and nontumor liver (NT) samples from 99 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)‐positive, virologically suppressed patients treated by tumor resection or liver transplantation.

Modeling the epidemic of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease demonstrates an exponential increase in burden of disease

Chris Estes, Homie Razavi, Rohit Loomba, Zobair Younossi, Arun J. Sanyal – 12 August 2017 – Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and resulting nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are highly prevalent in the United States, where they are a growing cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and increasingly an indicator for liver transplantation. A Markov model was used to forecast NAFLD disease progression. Incidence of NAFLD was based on historical and projected changes in adult prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).

Altered amino acid concentrations in NAFLD: Impact of obesity and insulin resistance

Melania Gaggini, Fabrizia Carli, Chiara Rosso, Emma Buzzigoli, Milena Marietti, Veronica Della Latta, Demetrio Ciociaro, Maria Lorena Abate, Roberto Gambino, Maurizio Cassader, Elisabetta Bugianesi, Amalia Gastaldelli – 12 August 2017 – Plasma concentrations of amino acids (AAs), in particular, branched chain AAs (BCAAs), are often found increased in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, if this is due to increased muscular protein catabolism, obesity, and/or increased insulin resistance (IR) or impaired tissue metabolism is unknown.

Targeting senescent cholangiocytes and activated fibroblasts with B‐cell lymphoma‐extra large inhibitors ameliorates fibrosis in multidrug resistance 2 gene knockout (Mdr2−/−) mice

Anja Moncsek, Mohammed S. Al‐Suraih, Christy E. Trussoni, Steven P. O'Hara, Patrick L. Splinter, Camille Zuber, Eleonora Patsenker, Piero V. Valli, Christian D. Fingas, Achim Weber, Yi Zhu, Tamar Tchkonia, James L. Kirkland, Gregory J. Gores, Beat Müllhaupt, Nicholas F. LaRusso, Joachim C. Mertens – 12 August 2017 – Cholangiocyte senescence has been linked to primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Persistent secretion of growth factors by senescent cholangiocytes leads to the activation of stromal fibroblasts (ASFs), which are drivers of fibrosis.

Role of gp91phox in hepatic macrophage programming and alcoholic liver disease

Meng Wang, S. Courtney Frasch, Guiying Li, Dechun Feng, Bin Gao, Liangguo Xu, Diana Ir, Daniel N. Frank, Donna L. Bratton, Cynthia Ju – 11 August 2017 – Hepatic macrophages (MΦs) are important in the development and progression of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). This study investigates the role of gp91phox (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 2) in the severity of ALD and specifically in regulating hepatic MΦ efferocytic capability and the subsequent reprogramming associated with resolution of inflammation.

Severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in Crigler‐Najjar syndrome model mice can be reversed with zinc protoporphyrin

Ryoichi Fujiwara, Ryo Mitsugi, Asuka Uemura, Tomoo Itoh, Robert H. Tukey – 10 August 2017 – Neurotoxic bilirubin is solely conjugated by UDP‐glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A1. Due to an inadequate function of UGT1A1, human neonates develop mild to severe physiological hyperbilirubinemia. Accumulation of bilirubin in the brain leads to the onset of irreversible brain damage called kernicterus. Breastfeeding is one of the most significant factors that increase the risk of developing kernicterus in infants.

Oncostatin M causes liver fibrosis by regulating cooperation between hepatic stellate cells and macrophages in mice

Michitaka Matsuda, Shinya Tsurusaki, Naoko Miyata, Eiko Saijou, Hitoshi Okochi, Atsushi Miyajima, Minoru Tanaka – 5 August 2017 – Fibrosis is an important wound‐healing process in injured tissues, but excessive fibrosis is often observed in patients with chronic inflammation. Although oncostatin M (OSM) has been reported to play crucial roles for recovery from acute liver injury by inducing tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (Timp1) expression, the role of OSM in chronic liver injury (CLI) is yet to be elucidated.

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