Atovaquone/proguanil‐induced autoimmune‐like hepatitis

Benedetta Terziroli Beretta‐Piccoli, Giorgina Mieli‐Vergani, Raffaela Bertoli, Luca Mazzucchelli, Charity Nofziger, Markus Paulmichl, Diego Vergani – 8 May 2017 – We report a novel association between the commonly used antimalarial medication atovaquone/proguanil and drug‐induced autoimmune‐like hepatitis. The patient developed severe liver disease fulfilling biochemical, immunologic, and histologic criteria for the diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis after the inadvertent rechallenge with the offending drug, which had caused self‐limited hepatitic symptoms a year previously.

Autoreactive monoclonal antibodies from patients with primary biliary cholangitis recognize environmental xenobiotics

Toshihiro Tanaka, Weici Zhang, Ying Sun, Zongwen Shuai, Asiya Seema Chida, Thomas P. Kenny, Guo‐Xiang Yang, Ignacio Sanz, Aftab Ansari, Christopher L. Bowlus, Gregory C. Ippolito, Ross L. Coppel, Kazuichi Okazaki, Xiao‐Song He, Patrick S.C. Leung, M. Eric Gershwin – 3 May 2017 – A major problem in autoimmunity has been identification of the earliest events that lead to breach of tolerance.

Pentamidine blocks hepatotoxic injury in mice

Enpeng Zhao, Ghulam Ilyas, Francesca Cingolani, Jae Ho Choi, François Ravenelle, Kathryn E. Tanaka, Mark J. Czaja – 3 May 2017 – Toxin‐induced liver diseases lack effective therapies despite increased understanding of the role factors such as an overactive innate immune response play in the pathogenesis of this form of hepatic injury. Pentamidine is an effective antimicrobial agent against several human pathogens, but studies have also suggested that this drug inhibits inflammation.

How healthy are the “Healthy volunteers”? Penetrance of NAFLD in the biomedical research volunteer pool

Varun Takyar, Anand Nath, Andrea Beri, Ahmed M. Gharib, Yaron Rotman – 3 May 2017 – Healthy volunteers are crucial for biomedical research. Inadvertent inclusion of subjects with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as controls can compromise study validity and subject safety. Given the rising prevalence of NAFLD in the general population, we sought to identify its prevalence and potential impact in volunteers for clinical trials. We conducted a cross‐sectional study of subjects who were classified as healthy volunteers between 2011 and 2015 and had no known liver disease.

Reply

Neehar D. Parikh, Amit G. Singal, Anna S. Lok, Rajesh Balkrishnan, Vahakn Shahinian, Vincent D. Marshall – 3 May 2017

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