Nina Kimer, Julie Steen Pedersen, Troels Malte Busk, Lise Lotte Gluud, Lise Hobolth, Aleksander Krag, Søren Møller, Flemming Bendtsen, Copenhagen Rifaximin (CoRif) Study Group – 24 October 2016 – Decompensated cirrhosis is characterized by disturbed systemic and splanchnic hemodynamics. Bacterial translocation from the gut is considered the key driver in this process. Intestinal decontamination with rifaximin may improve hemodynamics.

Anika Wranke, Beatriz Calle Serrano, Benjamin Heidrich, Janina Kirschner, Birgit Bremer, Patrick Lehmann, Svenja Hardtke, Katja Deterding, Kerstin Port, Max Westphal, Michael P. Manns, Markus Cornberg, Heiner Wedemeyer – 22 October 2016 – Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is the most severe form of viral hepatitis. Pegylated interferon alfa (PEG‐IFNα) is effective in only 25%‐30% of patients and is associated with frequent side effects. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical long‐term outcome of hepatitis delta in relation to different antiviral treatment strategies.

Adam C. Labonte, Sun‐Sang J. Sung, Lucas T. Jennelle, Aditya P. Dandekar, Young S. Hahn – 22 October 2016 – The liver maintains an immunologically tolerant environment as a result of continuous exposure to food and bacterial constituents from the digestive tract. Hepatotropic pathogens can take advantage of this niche and establish lifelong chronic infections causing hepatic fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Macrophages (Mϕ) play a critical role in regulation of immune responses to hepatic infection and regeneration of tissue.

Juri Bergmann, Miryam Müller, Niklas Baumann, Manuel Reichert, Carola Heneweer, Julia Bolik, Karsten Lücke, Sabine Gruber, Antonella Carambia, Susanne Boretius, Ivo Leuschner, Thomas Becker, Björn Rabe, Johannes Herkel, F. Thomas Wunderlich, Hans‐Willi Mittrücker, Stefan Rose‐John, Dirk Schmidt‐Arras – 22 October 2016 – Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequent tumors worldwide with rising incidence. The inflammatory cytokine, interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), is a critical mediator of HCC development.

Daniel A. Patten, Garrick K. Wilson, Dalan Bailey, Robert K. Shaw, Sirpa Jalkanen, Marko Salmi, Antal Rot, Chris J. Weston, David H. Adams, Shishir Shetty – 22 October 2016 – The recruitment of lymphocytes via the hepatic sinusoidal channels and positioning within liver tissue is a critical event in the development and persistence of chronic inflammatory liver diseases. The hepatic sinusoid is a unique vascular bed lined by hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells (HSECs), a functionally and phenotypically distinct subpopulation of endothelial cells.

Li Zhang, Zhihong Yang, Jocelyn Trottier, Olivier Barbier, Li Wang – 22 October 2016 – Bile acids (BAs) play critical physiological functions in cholesterol homeostasis, and deregulation of BA metabolism causes cholestatic liver injury. The long noncoding RNA maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) was recently shown as a potential tumor suppressor; however, its basic hepatic function remains elusive.

Neehar D. Parikh, Vincent D. Marshall, Amit G. Singal, Hari Nathan, Anna S. Lok, Rajesh Balkrishnan, Vahakn Shahinian – 22 October 2016 – Sorafenib is the only chemotherapeutic approved for treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, its effectiveness in patients with Child‐Pugh class B cirrhosis and any moderating effects of health system characteristics are unclear. We examined the survival and cost‐effectiveness associated with sorafenib in elderly patients with advanced HCC. We performed an analysis of Medicare beneficiaries with HCC diagnoses from 2007 to 2009.

Eric Lawitz, Fred Poordad, Julio A. Gutierrez, Jennifer T. Wells, Carmen E. Landaverde, Barbara Evans, Anita Howe, Hsueh‐Cheng Huang, Jerry Jing Li, Peggy Hwang, Frank J. Dutko, Michael Robertson, Janice Wahl, Eliav Barr, Barbara Haber – 22 October 2016 – Direct‐acting antiviral agents (DAAs) represent the standard of care for patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Combining DAAs with different mechanisms may allow for shorter treatment durations that are effective across multiple genotypes.

Xuehua Piao, Soh Yamazaki, Sachiko Komazawa‐Sakon, Sanae Miyake, Osamu Nakabayashi, Takeyuki Kurosawa, Tetsuo Mikami, Minoru Tanaka, Nico Van Rooijen, Masaki Ohmuraya, Akira Oikawa, Yuko Kojima, Soichiro Kakuta, Yasuo Uchiyama, Masato Tanaka, Hiroyasu Nakano – 22 October 2016 – Tissue‐resident macrophages and bone marrow (BM)‐derived monocytes play a crucial role in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis; however, their contribution to recovery from acute tissue injury is not fully understood.

Joanne E. Brady, Danielle K. Liffmann, Anthony Yartel, Natalie Kil, Alex D. Federman, Joseph Kannry, Cynthia Jordan, Omar I. Massoud, David R. Nerenz, Kimberly A. Brown, Bryce D. Smith, Claudia Vellozzi, David B.