Hypercaloric diets with increased meal frequency, but not meal size, increase intrahepatic triglycerides: A randomized controlled trial

Karin E. Koopman, Matthan W.A. Caan, Aart J. Nederveen, Anouk Pels, Mariette T. Ackermans, Eric Fliers, Susanne E. Fleur, Mireille J. Serlie – 26 March 2014 – American children consume up to 27% of calories from high‐fat and high‐sugar snacks. Both sugar and fat consumption have been implicated as a cause of hepatic steatosis and obesity but the effect of meal pattern is largely understudied. We hypothesized that a high meal frequency, compared to consuming large meals, is detrimental in the accumulation of intrahepatic and abdominal fat.

Alcohol dehydrogenase III exacerbates liver fibrosis by enhancing stellate cell activation and suppressing natural killer cells in mice

Hyon‐Seung Yi, Young‐Sun Lee, Jin‐Seok Byun, Wonhyo Seo, Jong‐Min Jeong, Ogyi Park, Gregg Duester, Takeshi Haseba, Sun Chang Kim, Keun‐Gyu Park, Bin Gao, Won‐Il Jeong – 26 March 2014 – The important roles of retinols and their metabolites have recently been emphasized in the interactions between hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and natural killer (NK) cells. Nevertheless, the expression and role of retinol metabolizing enzyme in both cell types have yet to be clarified. Thus, we investigated the expression of retinol metabolizing enzyme and its role in liver fibrosis.

Truncated CXCL10 is associated with failure to achieve spontaneous clearance of acute hepatitis C infection

Antonio Riva, Melissa Laird, Armanda Casrouge, Arvydas Ambrozaitis, Roger Williams, Nikolai V. Naoumov, Matthew L. Albert, Shilpa Chokshi – 26 March 2014 – The pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is strongly influenced by the nature of the host's antiviral immunity. Counterintuitively, elevated serum concentrations of C‐X‐C chemokine 10 (CXCL10), a potent chemoattractant for antiviral T‐cells and NK‐cells, are associated with poor treatment outcomes in patients with chronic HCV.

Hepatic venous congestion in living donor grafts in liver transplantation: Is there an effect on hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence?

Suk‐Won Suh, Jeong‐Moo Lee, Tae You, Young Rok Choi, Nam‐Joon Yi, Kwang‐Woong Lee, Kyung‐Suk Suh – 25 March 2014 – A certain degree of graft congestion in living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) using a right liver graft may be inevitable because of the mismatch between the inflow and outflow structures of the liver. The subsequent inflammatory reaction and rapid regeneration of the graft have been suggested as causes of tumor recurrence. Therefore, we investigated the influence of graft congestion on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence after LDLT.

Suppression of autophagy during liver regeneration impairs energy charge and hepatocyte senescence in mice

Takeo Toshima, Ken Shirabe, Takasuke Fukuhara, Toru Ikegami, Tomoharu Yoshizumi, Yuji Soejima, Tetsuo Ikeda, Shinji Okano, Yoshihiko Maehara – 25 March 2014 – Autophagy is a homeostatic mechanism that regulates protein and organelle turnover and uses the amino acids from degraded proteins to produce adenosine 5'‐triphosphate (ATP). We investigated the activity of autophagy‐associated pathways in liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy (PHx) in liver‐specific autophagy‐related gene 5 (Atg5) knockout (KO) mice.

Liver transplantation and cirrhotomimetic hepatocellular carcinoma: Classification and outcomes

Erica F. Clayton, Saloni Malik, Alexander Bonnel, Yifei Mu, Kim Olthoff, Abraham Shaked, Peter L. Abt, Heather Peterman, K. Rajender Reddy, Shane Ottmann, Emma E. Furth, Matthew H. Levine – 25 March 2014 – Liver transplantation has become the standard‐of‐care treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that falls within certain size and numerical criteria for patients with cirrhosis. Cirrhotomimetic (CMM) HCC is an uncommon growth pattern that infiltrates cirrhotic parenchyma, can become extensive in size, and can evade detection via radiological studies.

Endogenous annexin A1 is a novel protective determinant in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice

Irene Locatelli, Salvatore Sutti, Aastha Jindal, Marco Vacchiano, Cristina Bozzola, Chris Reutelingsperger, Dennis Kusters, Stefania Bena, Maurizio Parola, Claudia Paternostro, Elisabetta Bugianesi, Simon McArthur, Emanuele Albano, Mauro Perretti – 25 March 2014 – Annexin A1 (AnxA1) is an effector of the resolution of inflammation and is highly effective in terminating acute inflammatory responses. However, its role in chronic settings is less investigated.

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