Florence Grise, Sandra Sena, Aurélien Bidaud‐Meynard, Jessica Baud, Jean‐Baptiste Hiriart, Kassem Makki, Nathalie Dugot‐Senant, Cathy Staedel, Paulette Bioulac‐Sage, Jessica Zucman‐Rossi, Jean Rosenbaum, Violaine Moreau – 11 January 2012 – We performed a review of public microarray data that revealed a significant down‐regulation of Rnd3 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), as compared to nontumor liver. Rnd3/RhoE is an atypical RhoGTPase family member because it is always under its active GTP‐bound conformation and not sensitive to classical regulators.

Piero Amodio, Sara Montagnese, Carlo Merkel – 11 January 2012

Nicolas Dupin, Vincent Mallet, Agnès Carlotti, Anaïs Vallet‐Pichard, Stanislas Pol – 11 January 2012

Nassim Kamar, Florence Legrand‐Abravanel, Harry R. Dalton, Jacques Izopet – 11 January 2012

Jing Shen, Shuang Wang, Yu‐Jing Zhang, Maya Kappil, Hui‐Chen Wu, Muhammad G. Kibriya, Qiao Wang, Farzana Jasmine, Habib Ahsan, Po‐Huang Lee, Ming‐Whei Yu, Chien‐Jen Chen, Regina M. Santella – 11 January 2012 – Alterations in DNA methylation frequently occur in hepatocellular cancer (HCC). We have previously demonstrated that hypermethylation in candidate genes can be detected in plasma DNA before HCC diagnosis.

Rachel Tanos, Rushang D. Patel, Iain A. Murray, Philip B. Smith, Andrew D. Patterson, Gary H. Perdew – 11 January 2012 – The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand‐activated transcription factor. Activation of AhR mediates the expression of target genes (e.g., CYP1A1) by binding to dioxin response element (DRE) sequences in their promoter region.

Lin Liu, Brian E. Fisher, David L. Thomas, Andrea L. Cox, Stuart C. Ray – 11 January 2012 – The aim of this study is to determine whether early viral dynamics and evolution predict outcome of primary acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. HCV‐ and human immunodeficiency virus–negative injection drug users were enrolled prospectively and followed monthly to identify acute HCV infection using RNA detection. Subjects with more than 1 month between HCV‐RNA‐negative and ‐positive visits were excluded to ensure stringent acute infection.

H. Carlijne Hassing, Hans Mooij, Shuling Guo, Brett P. Monia, Keyang Chen, Wim Kulik, Geesje M. Dallinga‐Thie, Max Nieuwdorp, Erik S.G. Stroes, Kevin Jon Williams – 11 January 2012 – Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) impairs hepatic clearance of atherogenic postprandial triglyceride‐rich lipoproteins (TRLs). We recently reported that livers from T2DM db/db mice markedly overexpress the heparan sulfate glucosamine‐6‐O‐endosulfatase‐2 (SULF2), an enzyme that removes 6‐O sulfate groups from heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) and suppresses uptake of TRLs by cultured hepatocytes.

Jae Yeon Seok, Deuk Chae Na, Hyun Goo Woo, Massimo Roncalli, So Mee Kwon, Jeong Eun Yoo, Ei Yong Ahn, Gwang Il Kim, Jin‐Sub Choi, Young Bae Kim, Young Nyun Park – 11 January 2012 – Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CC) are the major primary liver cancers in adults. The phenotypic overlap between HCC and CC has been shown to comprise a continuous liver cancer spectrum.

Wei Yan, Ying Chang, Xiaoyan Liang, Jon S. Cardinal, Hai Huang, Stephen H. Thorne, Satdarshan P.S. Monga, David A. Geller, Michael T. Lotze, Allan Tsung – 11 January 2012 – Hypoxia is often found in solid tumors and is associated with tumor progression and poor clinical outcomes. The exact mechanisms related to hypoxia‐induced invasion and metastasis remain unclear.