S6 kinase 2 deficiency enhances ketone body production and increases peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha activity in the liver

KyeongJin Kim, Suhkneung Pyo, Sung Hee Um – 20 December 2011 – Nutrient homeostasis is tightly regulated by the balance between energy production and utilization. During fasting, production of ketone bodies as an alternative energy source is critical to maintain nutrient homeostasis. An important component in the nutrient‐sensitive signaling pathway is S6 kinase 2 (S6K2), a downstream effector of mammalian target of rapamycin.

Ursodeoxycholyl lysophosphatidylethanolamide improves steatosis and inflammation in murine models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Anita Pathil, Jan Mueller, Arne Warth, Walee Chamulitrat, Wolfgang Stremmel – 20 December 2011 – Hepatic fat accumulation and changes in lipid composition are hallmarks of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). As an experimental approach for treatment of NAFLD, we synthesized the bile acid–phospholipid conjugate ursodeoxycholyl lysophosphatidylethanolamide (UDCA‐LPE). Previous work demonstrated profound hepatoprotective properties of the conjugate in vitro and in vivo. Here we investigated the effects of UDCA‐LPE in two nutritional mouse models of NAFLD.

A C‐terminal tyrosine‐based motif in the bile salt export pump directs clathrin‐dependent endocytosis

Ping Lam, Shuhua Xu, Carol J. Soroka, James L. Boyer – 12 December 2011 – The liver‐specific bile salt export pump (BSEP) is crucial for bile acid–dependent bile flow at the apical membrane. BSEP, a member of the family of structurally related adenosine triphosphate (ATP)‐binding cassette (ABC) proteins, is composed of 12 transmembrane segments (TMS) and two large cytoplasmic nucleotide‐binding domains (NBDs).

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