Long‐term outcome of hepatitis C virus infections acquired after pediatric liver transplantation

Carla Venturi, Javier Bueno, Lluís Castells, Jesus Quintero, Isabel Casas, Helena Allende, Vicente Martinez‐Ibañez, Ramón Charco – 19 September 2011 – The outcomes and characterization of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections after pediatric liver transplantation (LT) have rarely been reported. We describe our experience with HCV infections after pediatric LT. Ten of 207 children (4.8%) who underwent LT at our institution (1985‐2010) developed previously undiagnosed HCV disease. Eight received a liver graft before blood product and donor screening for HCV became available.

Efficacy and safety of sorafenib in combination with mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation

Carlos Gomez‐Martin, Javier Bustamante, Javier F. Castroagudin, Magdalena Salcedo, Elena Garralda, Milagros Testillano, Ignacio Herrero, Ana Matilla, Bruno Sangro – 19 September 2011 – There is currently no consensus on the most suitable treatment for the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after liver transplantation. This open, multicenter, retrospective, uncontrolled cohort study was designed to evaluate the safety and preliminary efficacy of the combined use of a mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor and sorafenib in this setting.

Treatment of chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 patients at an academic center in europe involved in prospective, controlled trials: Is there a selection bias?

Sandra Beinhardt, Albert F. Staettermayer, Karoline Rutter, Judith Maresch, Thomas M. Scherzer, Petra Steindl‐Munda, Harald Hofer, Peter Ferenci – 19 September 2011 – Pegylated interferon‐alpha2/ribavirin (peg‐IFN/RBV) is the standard of care (SOC) for patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) infection. Currently, direct‐acting antiviral agents (DAAs) are evaluated in clinical trials. The aim of this study was to compare baseline characteristics and sustained virologic response (SVR) rates in patients included in clinical trials to those receiving SOC.

IL28B alleles associated with poor hepatitis C virus (HCV) clearance protect against inflammation and fibrosis in patients infected with non‐1 HCV genotypes

Pierre‐Yves Bochud, Stéphanie Bibert, Zoltán Kutalik, Etienne Patin, Julien Guergnon, Bertrand Nalpas, Nicolas Goossens, Lorenz Kuske, Beat Müllhaupt, Tillman Gerlach, Markus H.

Dysfunctional B‐cell activation in cirrhosis resulting from hepatitis C infection associated with disappearance of CD27‐Positive B‐cell population

Hiroyoshi Doi, Tara K. Iyer, Erica Carpenter, Hong Li, Kyong‐Mi Chang, Robert H. Vonderheide, David E. Kaplan – 19 September 2011 – Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a leading cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Both advanced solid tumors and HCV have previously been associated with memory B‐cell dysfunction. In this study, we sought to dissect the effect of viral infection, cirrhosis, and liver cancer on memory B‐cell frequency and function in the spectrum of HCV disease.

Role of stem cell factor and granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor in remodeling during liver regeneration

Fanyin Meng, Heather Francis, Shannon Glaser, Yuyan Han, Sharon DeMorrow, Allison Stokes, Dustin Staloch, Julie Venter, Melanie White, Yoshiyuki Ueno, Lola M. Reid, Gianfranco Alpini – 19 September 2011 – Functional pluripotent characteristics have been observed in specific subpopulations of hepatic cells that express some of the known cholangiocyte markers.

Hepatitis B virus X (HBx) induces tumorigenicity of hepatic progenitor cells in 3,5‐diethoxycarbonyl‐1,4‐dihydrocollidine‐treated HBx transgenic mice

Chao Wang, Wen Yang, He‐Xin Yan, Tao Luo, Jian Zhang, Liang Tang, Fu‐Quan Wu, Hui‐Lu Zhang, Le‐Xing Yu, Long‐Yi Zheng, Yu‐Qiong Li, Wei Dong, Ya‐Qin He, Qiong Liu, Shan‐Shan Zou, Yan Lin, Liang Hu, Zhong Li, Meng‐Chao Wu, Hong‐Yang Wang – 19 September 2011 – Hepatitis B virus X (HBx) protein is implicated in hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐associated liver carcinogenesis. However, it remains unclear whether HBx‐expressing hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) are attributed to liver tumor formation.

Adenosine triphosphate‐binding cassette transporter genes up‐regulation in untreated hepatocellular carcinoma is mediated by cellular microRNAs

Florie Borel, Ruiqi Han, Allerdien Visser, Harald Petry, Sander J.H. van Deventer, Peter L.M. Jansen, Pavlina Konstantinova, with collaboration of the Réseau Centre de Ressources Biologiques Foie (French Liver Biobanks Network), France – 19 September 2011 – Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)‐binding cassette (ABC) transporters are drug efflux pumps responsible for the multidrug resistance phenotype causing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment failure.

Hepatocyte‐derived microRNAs as serum biomarkers of hepatic injury and rejection after liver transplantation

Waqar R. R. Farid, Qiuwei Pan, Adriaan J. P. van der Meer, Petra E. de Ruiter, Vedashree Ramakrishnaiah, Jeroen de Jonge, Jaap Kwekkeboom, Harry L. A. Janssen, Herold J. Metselaar, Hugo W. Tilanus, Geert Kazemier, Luc J.W. van der Laan – 19 September 2011 – Recent animal and human studies have highlighted the potential of hepatocyte‐derived microRNAs (HDmiRs) in serum as early, stable, sensitive, and specific biomarkers of liver injury. Their usefulness in human liver transplantation, however, has not been addressed.

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