Daniel Benten, Martina Sterneck, Jens Panse, Xavier Rogiers, Ansgar W. Lohse – 28 May 2008 – The incidence of de novo malignancies is increased in organ transplant recipients, and patients with hepatic carcinomas are at high risk for tumor recurrence after liver transplantation. Data about recurrent cancer after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in patients with a history of nonhepatic malignancy are very limited. We retrospectively analyzed data from 606 adult OLT recipients and identified 37 patients (6.1%) with a preexisting extrahepatic malignancy.

Moshe Israeli, Tirza Klein, Benjamin Sredni, Yaron Avitzur, Eitan Mor, Nathan Bar‐Nathen, Ran Steinberg, Gabriel Dinari, Rivka Shapiro – 28 May 2008 – Lifelong immunosuppression is mandatory for optimal graft and patient survival following liver transplantation. Nevertheless, graft rejection or numerous adverse events associated with overimmunosuppression or underimmunosuppression cannot be completely avoided. The ImmuKnow assay measures cell‐mediated immunity and is able to discern between conditions of overimmunosuppression and underimmunosuppression.

Shin Hwang, Sung‐Gyu Lee, Chul‐Soo Ahn, Ki‐Hun Kim, Deok‐Bog Moon, Tae‐Yong Ha, Gi‐Won Song, Dong‐Hwan Jung, Jung‐Ik Park, Je‐Ho Ryu, Hyo‐Jun Lee, Dong‐Jin Suh, Young‐Suk Lim – 28 May 2008 – The prevention of hepatitis B virus (HBV) recurrence is essential after liver transplantation in patients infected with HBV. We evaluated the efficacy of primary high‐dose hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) monotherapy and rescue antiviral therapy in 639 HBV‐infected adult patients who underwent living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) between February 1997 and December 2004.

Kun L. Ma, Xiong Z. Ruan, Stephen H. Powis, Yaxi Chen, John F. Moorhead, Zac Varghese – 27 May 2008 – The prevailing theory in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the “two‐hit” hypothesis. The first hit mainly consists of lipid accumulation, and the second is subsequent systemic inflammation. The current study was undertaken to investigate whether inflammatory stress exacerbates lipid accumulation in liver and its underlying mechanisms.

Andrew D. Yeoman, Thawab Al‐Chalabi, John B. Karani, Alberto Quaglia, John Devlin, Giorgina Mieli‐Vergani, Adrian Bomford, John G. O'Grady, Phillip M. Harrison, Michael A. Heneghan – 27 May 2008 – Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has traditionally been considered a rare complication of cirrhosis secondary to autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), yet the true incidence remains unknown due to a lack of published data. Consequently, some professional guidelines do not mandate routine surveillance for HCC in this condition.

Pavel Strnad, Guo‐Zhong Tao, Phillip So, Kenneth Lau, Jim Schilling, Yuquan Wei, Jian Liao, M. Bishr Omary – 27 May 2008 – The cytoplasmic hepatocyte inclusions, Mallory‐Denk bodies (MDBs), are characteristic of several liver disorders, including alcoholic and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. In mice, MDBs can be induced by long‐term feeding with 3,5‐diethoxycarbonyl‐1,4‐dihydrocollidine (DDC) for 3 to 4 months or rapidly reformed in DDC‐induced then recovered mice by DDC refeeding or exposure to a wide range of toxins for only 5 to 7 days.

Sara Crumm, Montserrat Cofan, Egle Juskeviciute, Jan B. Hoek – 27 May 2008 – Liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy (PHx) is orchestrated by multiple signals from cytokines and growth factors. We investigated whether increased energy demand on the remnant liver after PHx contributes to regenerative signals. Changes in the tissue's energy state were determined from adenine nucleotide levels.

Takanobu Kato, Youkyung Choi, Gamal Elmowalid, Ronda K. Sapp, Heidi Barth, Akihiro Furusaka, Shunji Mishiro, Takaji Wakita, Krzysztof Krawczynski, T. Jake Liang – 27 May 2008 – The identification of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) strain JFH‐1 enabled the successful development of infectious cell culture systems. Although this strain replicates efficiently and produces infectious virus in cell culture, the replication capacity and pathogenesis in vivo are still undefined.

Hervé Laumonier, Paulette Bioulac‐Sage, Christophe Laurent, Jessica Zucman‐Rossi, Charles Balabaud, Hervé Trillaud – 16 May 2008 – Hepatocellular adenomas (HCAs) are a group of benign tumors forming three molecular pathological subgroups: (1) hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α (HNF‐1α)–inactivated, (2) β‐catenin–activated, and (3) inflammatory. Some HCAs present both β‐catenin activation and inflammation. We analyzed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data for correlations between features on imaging and pathological classification of HCAs.

Pere Ginès, Mónica Guevara – 16 May 2008 – Hyponatremia is a frequent complication of advanced cirrhosis related to an impairment in the renal capacity to eliminate solute‐free water that causes a retention of water that is disproportionate to the retention of sodium, thus causing a reduction in serum sodium concentration and hypo‐osmolality. The main pathogenic factor responsible for hyponatremia is a nonosmotic hypersecretion of arginine vasopressin (or antidiuretic hormone) from the neurohypophysis related to circulatory dysfunction.